Skip to main content
Log in

Toy selection for children: Personality and toy request influences

  • Published:
Sex Roles Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We conducted two studies to determine whether college students select toys that match children's personalities and toy requests. Students (primarily Caucasian) selected toys for one child described as masculine, feminine, or gender-neutral (Study 1), or for six children with masculine, feminine, or androgynous personalities (Study 2). Students' gender-typed behaviors and traits were assessed in Study 1; egalitarian child-rearing attitudes were assessed in Study 2. Most students chose toys that were consistent with the descriptions read. Many cross-gender toys were selected for children, especially girls, with cross-gender personalities. Students with toy requests selected more cross-gender and fewer gender-typed toys than did students without requests. Students' behaviors, traits, and attitudes about what toys are appropriate for boys and girls also influenced their decisions. The ramifications of these data with regard to adult socialization practices are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antill, J. K. (1987). Parents' beliefs and values about sex roles, sex differences, and sexuality: Their sources and implications. In P. Shaver & C. Hendrick (Eds.),Sex and gender. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berndt, T. J., & Heller, K. A. (1986). Gender stereotypes and social inferences: A developmental study.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 889–898.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biernat, M. (1991). Gender stereotypes and the relationship between masculinity and femininity: A developmental analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 351–365.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbard, M. R. (1985). Sex differences in adults' gifts and children's toy requests at Christmas.Psychological Reports, 56, 969–970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldera, Y. M., Huston, A. C. & O'Brien, M. (1989). Social interactions and play patterns of parents and toddlers with feminine, masculine, and neutral toys.Child Development, 60, 70–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deaux, K., & Lewis, L. L. (1984). Structure of gender stereotypes: Interrelationships among components and gender label.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 991–1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs, A. C. (1983). Letters of Santa Claus: Elementary school-age children's sex-typed toy preferences in a natural setting.Sex Roles, 9, 159–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, N., Wolchick, S. A., Hernandez, R., & Pasternack, J. F. (1985). Parental socialization of young children's play: A short-term longitudinal study.Child Development, 56, 1506–1513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., & Hagan, R. (1991). Observation of parental reactions to sex-stereotyped behaviors: Age and sex effects.Child Development, 62 617–628.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fagot, B. I., & Leinbach, M. D. (1989). The young child's gender schema: Environmental input, internal organization.Child Development, 60, 663–672.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher-Thompson, D. (1990). Adult sex typing of children's toys.Sex Roles, 23, 291–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher-Thompson, D. (1993). Adult toy purchases for children: Factors affecting sex-typed toy selection.Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 14, 385–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guber, S. S., & Berry, J. (1993).Marketing to and through kids. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. C., & Campbell, D. C. (1985).Manual for the Strong Interest Inventory (4th ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, P. A., & Boswell, S. (1986). Flexibility and traditionality in children's gender roles.Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 112, 105–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, J., & Rothbart, M. (1988). Use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55 187–195.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, J. H., & Downs, C. (1990). Mothers, fathers, and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviors in young children.Child Development, 51 1217–1247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lever, J. (1978). Sex differences in the complexity of children's play and games.American Sociological Review, 43, 471–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippa, R. (1991). Some psychometric characteristics of gender diagnosticity measures: Reliability, validity, consistency across domains, and relationship to the Big Five.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 1000–1011.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lippa, R., & Connelly, S. (1990). Gender diagnosticity: A new Bayesian approach to gender-related individual differences.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1051–1065.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobel, T. E., Bempechat, J., Gewirtz, J. C., Shoken-Topaz, T., and Bashe, E. (1993). The role of gender-related information and self-endorsements of traits in preadolescents' inferences and judgments.Child Development, 64, 1285–1294.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L. (1989). Children's use of gender-related information in making social judgments.Development Psychology, 25, 80–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L. (1990). Attitudes and expectations about children with nontraditional and traditional gender roles.Sex Roles, 22, 151–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L., & Little, J. K. (1990). The relation of gender understanding to children's sex-typed preferences and gender stereotypes.Child Development, 61, 1427–1439.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. L., Wood, C. H., & Little, J. K. (1990). The development of gender stereotype components.Child Development, 61, 1891–1904.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. L. (1987). Qualitative differences among gender-stereotyped toys: Implications for cognitive and social development in girls and boys,Sex Roles, 16, 473–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien, M., & Huston, A. C. (1985). Development of sex-typed play behavior in toddlers.Developmental Psychology, 21, 866–871.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Donnel, B., & Swim, T. J. (1993, March).Development of a parental gender-role stereotype measure. Presented at the Society for Research in Child Development meeting, New Orleans, LA.

  • Richardson, J. G., & Simpson, C. H. (1982). Children, gender, and social structure: An analysis of the contents of letters to Santa Claus.Child Development, 53, 429–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, C. C., & Morris, J. T. (1986). The gender-stereotyped nature of Christmas toys received by 36-, 48-, and 60-month-old children: A comparison between nonrequested vs. requested toys.Sex Roles, 15, 21–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, C. C., Watson, J. A., & Morris, J. T. (1984). An examination of fundamental sex-role behavioral change: Mothers' toy purchasing behavior.Parenting Studies, 1, 61–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothbart, M., & Part, B. (1986). On the confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 131–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serbin, L. A., Powlishta, K. K., & Gulko, J. (1993). The development of sex typing in middle childhood.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58(2, Serial No. 232).

  • Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1974). The personal attributes questionnaire: A measure of sex-role stereotypes and masculinity-femininity.JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology 4, 42, MS#617.

  • Weinraub, M., Clemens, L. P., Sockloff, A., Ethridge, T., Gracely, E., & Myers, E. (1984). The development of sex role stereotypes in the third year: Relationships to gender labeling, gender identity, sex-typed toy preferences, and family characteristics.Child Development, 55, 1493–1503.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

We thank Collen DiMarco and Richard Davis for their help with data collection and Burt Thompson for his statistical advise and comments on the manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fisher-Thompson, D., Sausa, A.D. & Wright, T.F. Toy selection for children: Personality and toy request influences. Sex Roles 33, 239–255 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544613

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01544613

Keywords

Navigation