Abstract
Twelve lavas have been sampled on Amsterdam Island, which is an extinct shield volcano located on a transform fault crossing the south-eastern branch of the Indian Ocean rise. Chemical analyses show that the lavas have mainly tholeiitic affinities, ranging from olivine tholeiites to plagioclase basalts with accumulation of bytownite. The high alumina lavas are similar to bytownite cumulates dredged from the Indian Ocean rise, and the low alumina lavas resemble tholeiites of Hawaii. The volcano appears to be in an early stage of evolution from oceanic ridge basalt to an alkaline volcano.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aubert de la Rue, E.: Les Iles Australes Françaises. Nature (Paris) 3192, 114–115 (1951).
- Notes de Biogéographie sur l'Ile Amsterdam; Soc. Biogéographie, Séance du 15 février 1962. (1962).
Berthois, L., Sohlich, R., Patriat, P.: Carte bathymétrique de l'Océan Indien, 7 feuilles, 3ème edit., Note No. 26, Inst. Phys, Globe Paris, Fev. (1968, 1969, 1970).
Engel, C. G., Fischer, R. L.: Lherzholite, anorthosite, gabbro and basalt dredged from the Mid Indian Ocean Ridge. Science 166, 1136–1141 (1969).
— —, Engel, A. E. J.: Igneous rocks of the ocean floor. Science 150, 605–610 (1965).
Fischer, R. L.: The median Ridge in the South-central Indian Ocean. In: The world rift system. Geol. Survey Canada (66.4), 135–157 (1965).
Gunn, B. M., Abranson, C. E., Watkins, N. D., Nougier, J.: Petrology and geochemistry of the Crozet islands: a summary. Proc. SCAR conference, Oslo (in press).
—, Coy-Yll, R., Watkins, N. D., Abranson, C. E., Nougier, J.: Geochemistry of an Oceanite Ankaramite Basalt Suite from East Island, Crozet archipelago; Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 28, 319–339 (1970).
—, Watkins, N. D.: Geochemistry of the Steens Mountain Basalts, Oregon. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 81, 1497–1516 (1970).
Hekinian, R.: Rocks from the Mid-oceanic Ridge in the Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 15, 195–213 (1968).
Hochstetter, F., v.: Geologische Beobachtung während der Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte „Novara“ (1857–1859) um die Erde; II. Bd., Wien, 58 (1866).
MacDonald, G. A., Katsura, T.: Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas. J. Petrol. 5, 82–133 (1964).
Nougier, J.: Sur une inversion du champ magnétique terrestre aux Iles Kerguelen, au cours du Miocène. Compt. Rend. 267, 1249–1252 (1968).
- Contribution à l'étude géologique et géomorphologique des îles Kerguelen; thèse, 695, Univ. Paris, CNRS No. A.O. 3755 (1969).
Phillipi, E.: Geologie der Inseln St. Paul und Amsterdam Is. Indischen Ozean, Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 2, 378–383 (1909).
Reinisch, R.: Gesteine von St. Paul und Neu Amsterdam; Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 2 (Géographie und Géologie), 385–398 (1909).
Schlich, R., Patriat, R.: Interprétation possible de données géophysiques recueillies sur la dorsale médio-indienne entre 20° et 40° sud. Comp. Rend. 266, 820–822 (1968).
- - Structure de la Dorsale Indo-Pacifique dans le secteur des îles St. Paul et Amsterdam. Comm. Assoc. Scient. IAGA/AISPIT, Madrid 2/12 sept. 1969 (1969).
- - Campagnes Océanographiques de “Gallieni” dans l'Océan Indien austral de 1967 à 1970, TAAF, 50–51, 3–23 (1970).
Velain, C.: Description géologique de la presqu'île d'Aden, de l'île de la Réunion, des îles St. Paul et Amsterdam. Revue Scientifique (2), XIV, (52), 1222–1230. Also, same title, thèse, 359 pp., A. Hennuyer, Paris 1878 (1878).
Vinogradov, A. P., Udintsev, G. B., Dmitriev, L. V., Kanaev, V. F., Neprochnov, Y. P., Petrova, G. N., Riknov, L. N.: The structure of the mid-ocean Rift zone of the Indian Ocean and its place in the World Rift system. Tectonophys. 8, 377–401 (1969).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gunn, B.M., Abranson, C.E., Nougier, J. et al. Amsterdam Island, an isolated volcano in the southern Indian ocean. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 32, 79–92 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383052
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383052