Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical expression to evaluate the test quality of hierarchical defect-tolerant integrated circuits. This expression, which is developed for circuits with two levels of hierarchy, is based on a defect model with which one can take into account the relative importance (probability of occurrence) of each defect and consequently of each fault. Results obtained from this expression show that, for a given test coverage, the addition of defect-tolerance mechanisms decreases the test quality of integrated circuits. These results are important because they indicate that fault coverage can be a misleading measure of the test quality of defect-tolerant integrated circuits.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W.R. Moore, “A review of fault-tolerant techniques for the enhancement of integrated circuit yield,”Proc. IEEE, vol. 74, pp. 684–698, May 1986.
G. Saucier, J.-L. Patry, E.-F. Kouka, T. Midwinter, P. Ivey, M. Huch, and M. Glesner, “Defect tolerance in a wafer scale array for image processing,”Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, New York: Plenum Press, pp. 327–338, 1989.
R.M. Lea, “A WSI image processor,”Wafer Scale Integration, Boston: Kluwer Academic, pp. 193–252, 1989.
R.L. Wadsack, “VLSI: How much fault coverage is enough?,”Digest of Papers, 1981 Intern. Test Conf., pp. 547–554, October 1981.
I. Koren and D. Pradhan, “Modeling the effect of redundancy on yield and performance of VLSI systems,”IEEE Trans. on Computers, vol. C-37, pp. 344–355, March 1987.
K.E. Batcher, “Design of a massively parallel processor,”IEEE Trans. on Computers, vol. C-29, pp. 836–840, September 1980.
C. Cyr, D. Audet, Y. Savaria, and J.-L. Houle, “A novel selftesting and reconfiguration scheme for yield improvement of two-dimensional arrays,”ICCD '87, pp. 494–500, October 1987.
C. Thibeault, Y. Savaria, C. Lagarde, M. Repeta, and P. Rocque, “IMAGE2M, a VLSI implementation of a multi-proccessor chip for morphological image procesing,”Proce 5th Canadian Conference on VLSI, pp. 235–240, Winnipeg, October 1987.
C. Thibeault, Y. Savaria, and J.-L. Houle, “Sufficient testing in fault-tolerant large area devices,”Proc. 6th Canadian Conference on VLSI, pp. 88–96, Halifax, October 1988.
J.H. Hwang and C.S. Raghavendra, “VLSI implementations of fault-tolerant systolic arrays,”IEEE Int'l. Conf. Computer Design, Los Alamitos, Ca., pp. 110–113, 1986.
T. Ishikawa, S. Momoi, S. Shimada, and Y. Ogama, “Hierarchical array processor (HAP) featuring high reliability and high system performance,”IEEE Int'l. Conf. Parallel Processing, Los Alamitos, Ca., pp. 293–300, 1986.
C. Jesshope and L. Bentley, “Techniques for implementing two-dimensional wafer-scale processor arrays,”IEE Proc., Los Alamitos, Ca., vol. 134, Pt. E, pp. 87–92, March 1987.
S.M. Ross,Introduction to Probability Models, Orlando, Fl.: Academic Press, p. 15, 1985.
I. Koren and C.H. Stapper, “Yield models for defect-tolerant VLSI circuits: a review,”Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, New York: Plenum Press, pp. 1–21, 1989.
C. Thibeault, Y. Savaria, and J.-L. Houle, “A new yield formula for two-level hierarchical fault-tolerant integrated circuits,” presented at theInternational Workshop on Defects and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, October 1988, also inDefect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, New York: Plenum Press, pp. 53–64, 1989.
C. Thibeault, “Some considerations on the implementation of defect tolerance in integrated circuits,” Ph.D. thesis, in French, Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal, 1991.
H.C. Kirsch, D.G. Clemons, S. Davar, J.E. Harman, C.H. Holder, W.F. Honsicker, F.J. Procyk, J.H. Stephany, and D.S. Yoney, “A 1Mb CMOS DRAM,”Proc. IEEE Int'l. Solid State Circuits Conf., pp. 256–257, and 352, February 1985.
H.L. Kalter, P. Coppens, W. Ellis, J. Fifield, D. Kokoszka, T. Leasure, C. Miller, Q. Nguyen, R. Papritz, C. Patton, M. Poplawski, S. Tomashot, and V. Hoeven, “An experimental 80ns 1Mb CMOS DRAM with fast page operation,”Proc. IEEE Int'l. Solid State Circuits Conf., pp. 248–249, and 356–357, February 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thibeault, C., Savaria, Y. & Houle, J.L. Test quality of hierarchical defect-tolerant integrated circuits. J Electron Test 3, 93–102 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00159834
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00159834