Abstract
Among Australasian populations from above 32.5° latitude there is a significant negative relationship between Gpdh F frequency and distance from the equator which is not explained by gametic disequilibrium with the linked inversion In(2L)t. This is consistent with the associations reported earlier for Gpdh F among populations covering comparable latitudes in North America and Europe/Asia. By contrast, Tpi allele frequencies are found to be significantly associated with distance from the equator in Australasia but not North America or Europe/Asia. The Tpi pattern in the different zones is essentially the same as that reported earlier for the Acph polymorphism, which maps only 0.2 cM away from the Tpi locus.
There are now ten enzyme polymorphisms in D. melanogaster which have been screened for latitudinal associations in Australasia, North America and Europe/Asia. Allele frequencies at six of these loci show significant relationships with distance from the equator which are consistent across all three zones. These latitudinal associations are more prevalent for Group II than Group I enzymes. Values of genic heterozygosity averaged over the ten polymorphic loci and eleven other monomorphic systems do not vary with latitude but differ substantially between zones. Values of Nei's genetic distance between North American and European/Asian populations calculated from all 21 systems are equivalent to subspecific differences elsewhere in the genus.
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Oakeshott, J.G., McKechnie, S.W. & Chambers, G.K. Population genetics of the metabolically related Adh, Gpdh and Tpi polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster I. Geographic variation in Gpdh and Tpi allele frequencies in different continents. Genetica 63, 21–29 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137461
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137461