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Phylogeny of Cidaroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers

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Abstract

We present the first molecular phylogeny of Cidaroida, one of the most problematic groups within the echinoids. Two genes—the nuclear ribosomal gene 28 S rRNA and the mitochondrial protein-encoding gene COI—were obtained from 21 specimens representing 17 genera and 20 species, among which 13 species belong to Cidaroida. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined molecular data using parsimony and maximum likelihood optimality criteria resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny. Our results are broadly compatible (with the notable exception of Cidaris cidaris) with previous results obtained from morphological data. We find that Cidaroida represent a monophyletic group sister to the non-cidaroid Echinoidea. The family Cidaridae sensu Mortensen (1928) and Fell (1966) is paraphyletic because of the placement of Psychocidaris ohshimai as sister-group to Histocidaris elegans. Inside the Stylocidarina, we show that the two Atlantic species Stylocidaris affinis and Stylocidaris lineata constitute a well-supported clade. However, these two taxa could also represent two morphotypes within a single species showing high morphological variation.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank M.-G. Bonhomme who initiated the sequencing project. Sequencing was carried out in the Molecular Systematics Service (MNHN) and the “Milieu et peuplement aquatiques” department (MNHN). Field work was supported by the program Deep Sea Benthos (MNHN/IRD). Some of the analytical work was performed in the lab EDB, part of the Laboratoires d’Excellence (LABEX) TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41) and CEBA. We would like to thank the team and the cruise manager B. Richer-de-Forge (cruise Salomon 1). A. Ziegler’s comments greatly improved multiple versions of this work. Associate editor O. Bininda-Emonds, A. Smith, and an anonymous reviewer helped improve the quality of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the French Ministry of Research. J.M. was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (grant 221099) within the 7th European Community Framework Program.

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  1. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7208 BOREA IRD 207, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France

    Olivier Brosseau, Delphine Pichon, Marc Eléaume & Nadia Ameziane

  2. CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France

    Jérôme Murienne

  3. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7128 SAE, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France

    Nicolas Vidal

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  1. Olivier Brosseau
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Correspondence to Olivier Brosseau.

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Brosseau, O., Murienne, J., Pichon, D. et al. Phylogeny of Cidaroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Org Divers Evol 12, 155–165 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0087-1

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