In 2008 werden er in Nederland ruim 13.000 kinderen te vroeg geboren (7,7% van alle geboortes), waarvan 81 procent matig te vroeg werd geboren na een zwangerschapsduur tussen 32 en 36 weken (Stichting Perinatale Registratie Nederland, 2011 ). De afgelopen twee decennia is het aantal matige vroeggeboortes met 30 procent toegenomen (Martin et al., 2010 ). Hoewel de mortaliteitcijfers veel lager zijn bij deze kinderen dan bij ernstig te vroeg geboren kinderen (< 32 weken zwangerschapsduur), zijn de cijfers bijna tien keer hoger dan bij op tijd geboren kinderen (Mathews & MacDorman, 2008 ). Wat betreft neonatale complicaties hebben matig te vroeg geboren kinderen minder problemen dan ernstig te vroeg geboren kinderen, maar in vergelijking met op tijd geboren kinderen hebben ze een verhoogd risico op ademhalingsen voedingsmoeilijkheden, hypoglykemie en hyperbilirubine (Shapiro-Mendoza et al., 2008 ). Daarnaast zijn de hersenen van matig te vroeg geboren kinderen nog onvolgroeid: bij een zwangerschapsduur van 34 weken wegen de hersenen slechts 65 procent van het gewicht dat ze bij 40 weken zwangerschap hebben (Kinney, 2006 ). Ondanks de hoge prevalentie en de neonatale complicaties van matige vroeggeboorte is weinig bekend over de ontwikkelingsuitkomsten van deze kinderen op de lange termijn. In deze overzichtsstudie worden resultaten uit 28 studies over schooluitkomsten (zeven studies), cognitief functioneren (19 studies), gedragsproblemen (zes studies) en psychiatrische stoornissen (zes studies) bij matig te vroeg geboren kinderen gepresenteerd.
A large number of children (6% to 11% of all births) are born premature with a gestational age between 32 and 36 weeks. Little is known of long term outcomes for these moderate and late preterm children. In this review, results of 28 studies on school outcome, cognitive functioning, behaviour problems, and psychiatric disorders are presented. Overall, more school problems, less advanced cognitive functioning, more behaviour problems, and higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders were found in moderate preterm born infants, children, and adults compared with full term peers. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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psychologe, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen
psychologe, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen
psychologe, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen
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1 Dit artikel is een bewerking van: De Jong, M., Verhoeven, M. & van Baar, A.L. (2012). School outcome, cognitive functioning, and behaviour problems in moderate and late preterm children and adults: A review. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 17, 163–169.
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De Jong, M., Verhoeven, M. & van Baar, A. Schooluitkomsten, cognitief functioneren en gedragsproblemen bij matig te vroeg geboren kinderen en volwassenen: een overzichtsstudie1 . NEUROPRAXIS 16, 157–162 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-012-0027-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-012-0027-z