Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Urinary Tumor Markers Could Predict Survival in Bladder Carcinoma

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is important for effective treatment of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22), soluble epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), cathepthin-D and total protein with clinico-pathological features of bladder cancer, and to determine the relation between each marker and tumor progression after treatment. The study includes 65 patients with bladder cancer, 14 benign urinary diseases and 11 healthy volunteers. Patients were categorized according to bilharzial infestation, T stage, tumor grade, size and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Forty patients were followed for disease progression after surgery. There was a significant increase of NMP22, E-cadherin, cathepthin-D and total protein detected in cancer group compared to healthy and benign groups. It was found that NMP 22 and E-cadherin had highest sensitivity (84.4, 76.9 %, respectively) while, total ddedprotein showed highest specificity (77.4 %). Tumor size correlated with urinary NMP22 (r = 0.3, p = 0.02), although, E-cadherin, cathepsin-D and total protein correlated with tumor size (r = 0.3, 0.28, 0.2; p = 0.01, p = 0.01, 0.04, respectively) and lymph node metastasis (r = 0.32, 0.34, 0.2; p = 0.003, 0.005, 0.04, respectively). Elevated pretreatment urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein levels was associated significantly with bladder cancer recurrence (p = 0.02, 0.001, 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, determination of urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein in bladder cancer patients or persons at risk of developing bladder cancer will help in early detection of the disease and prediction of recurrence. The use of a combination of tumor markers is markedly useful than the assessment of single one.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. el-Mawla NG, el-Bolkainy MN, Khaled HM. Bladder cancer in Africa: update. Semin Oncol. 2001;28:174–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shariat SF, Casella R, Monoski MA, Sulser T, Gasser TC, Lerner SP. The addition of urinary urokinase-type plasminogen activator to urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 and cytology improves the detection of bladder cancer. J Urol. 2003;170:2244–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sjakste N, Sjakste T, Vikmanis U. Role of the nuclear matrix proteins in malignant transformation and cancer diagnosis. Exp Oncol. 2004;26:170–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bredel M, Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Birner P, Hainfellner JA, Zentner J. DNA topoisomerase IIalpha predicts progression-free and overall survival in pediatric malignant non-brainstem gliomas. Int J Cancer. 2002;99:817–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chang HW, Chow V, Lam KY, Wei WI, Yuen A. Loss of E-cadherin expression resulting from promoter hypermethylation in oral tongue carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Cancer. 2002;94(2):386–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bryan RT, Tselepis C. Cadherin switching and bladder cancer. J Urol. 2010;184(2):423–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Berchem G, Glondu M, Gleizes M, Brouillet JP, Vignon F, Garcia M, Liaudet-Coopman E. Cathepsin-D affects multiple tumor progression steps in vivo: proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Oncogene. 2002;21:5951–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hardwicke J. Proteinuria. Sci Basis Med Annu Rev. 1970; 1:211–29.

  9. Zhau HY, Babaian RJ, Hong SJ. A new 180 kDa urine protein marker associated with bladder cancer. J Urol. 1990;144:47–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kuhn SH, de Kock MA. A preliminary study of elevated alkaline phosphatase and cathepsin in bronchial aspirates of patients with lung cancer and bronchitis. Chest. 1975;68:326–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Metz CE. Basic principles of ROC analysis. Semin Nucl Med. 1978;8:283–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Reinert T. Methylation markers for urine-based detection of bladder cancer: the next generation of urinary markers for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. Adv Urol. 2012;2012:503271.

  13. Eissa S, Swellam M, Sadek M, Mourad MS, El Ahmady O, Khalifa A. Comparative evaluation of the nuclear matrix protein, fibronectin, urinary bladder cancer antigen and voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder tumors. J Urol. 2002;168:465–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gödekmerdan A, Yahşi S, Semerciöz A, Ilhan F, Akpolat N, Yekeler H. Determination of nuclear matrix protein 22 levels in cystitis, urothelial dysplasia and urothelial carcinoma. Turk J Med Sci. 2006;36:93–6.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sanchez-Carbayo M, Urrutia M, Silva JM, Romani R, De Buitrago JM, Navajo JA. Comparative predictive values of urinary cytology, urinary bladder cancer antigen, CYFRA 21-1 and NMP22 for evaluating symptomatic patients at risk for bladder cancer. J Urol. 2001;165:1462–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sawczuk IS, Bagiella E, Sawczuk AT, Yun EJ. Clinical application of NMP22 in the management of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Detect Prev. 2000;24:364–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Casella R, Huber P, Blochlinger A, Stoffel F, Dalquen P, Gasser TC, Lehmann K. Urinary level of nuclear matrix protein 22 in the diagnosis of bladder cancer: experience with 130 patients with biopsy confirmed tumor. J Urol. 2000;164:1926–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Akaza H, Miyanaga N, Tsukamoto T, Ishikawa S, Noguchi R, Ohtani M, Kawabe K, Kubota Y, Fujita K, Obata K, et al. Evaluation of urinary NMP22 (nuclear matrix protein 22) as a diagnostic marker for urothelial cancer-NMP22 as a urinary marker for surveillance of bladder cancer. NMP22 study group. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1997;24:829–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. O’Sullivan P, Sharples K, Dalphin M, Davidson P, Gilling P, Cambridge L, Harvey J, Toro T, Giles N, Luxmanan C, Alves CF, Yoon HS, Hinder V, Masters J, Kennedy-Smith A, Beaven T, Guilford PJ. A multigene urine test for the detection and stratification of bladder cancer in patients presenting with hematuria. J Urol. 2012 [Epub ahead of print].

  20. Sumi S, Arai K, Kitahara S, Yoshida KI. Preliminary report of the clinical performance of a new urinary bladder cancer antigen test: comparison to voided urine cytology in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Chim Acta. 2000;296:111–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sanchez-Carbayo M, Herrero E, Megias J, Mira A, Soria F. Evaluation of nuclear matrix protein 22 as a tumour marker in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. BJU Int. 1999;84:706–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Horstmann M, Todenhöfer T, Hennenlotter J, Aufderklamm S, Mischinger J, Kuehs U, Gakis G, Stenzl A, Schwentner C. Influence of age on false positive rates of urine-based tumor markers. World J Urol. 2012. [Epub ahead of print].

  23. Hutterer GC, Karakiewicz PI, Zippe C, Ludecke G, Boman H, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Casella R, Mian C, Friedrich MG, Eissa S, et al. Urinary cytology and nuclear matrix protein 22 in the detection of bladder cancer recurrence other than transitional cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2008;101:561–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Matsumoto K, Shariat SF, Casella R, Wheeler TM, Slawin KM, Lerner SP. Preoperative plasma soluble E-cadherin predicts metastases to lymph nodes and prognosis in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. J Urol. 2003;170:2248–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Shi B, Laudon V, Yu S, Dong D, Zhu Y, Xu Z. E-cadherin tissue expression and urinary soluble forms of E-cadherin in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Urol Int. 2008;81:320–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Staack A, Tolic D, Kristiansen G, Schnorr D, Loening SA, Jung K. Expression of cathepsins B, H, and L and their inhibitors as markers of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology. 2004;63:1089–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fehrenbacher N, Jaattela M. Lysosomes as targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2005;65:2993–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rasmussen HH, Orntoft TF, Wolf H, Celis JE. Towards a comprehensive database of proteins from the urine of patients with bladder cancer. J Urol. 1996;155:2113–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflicts of interest

No conflicts of interest are declared.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Ragaa H. M. Salama, Tahia H. Selem & Sally M. Bakar

  2. Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Mohammed El-Gammal & Abd-elmoneim A. Elhagagy

  3. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Ragaa H. M. Salama

Authors
  1. Ragaa H. M. Salama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tahia H. Selem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammed El-Gammal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abd-elmoneim A. Elhagagy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sally M. Bakar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ragaa H. M. Salama.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Salama, R.H.M., Selem, T.H., El-Gammal, M. et al. Urinary Tumor Markers Could Predict Survival in Bladder Carcinoma. Ind J Clin Biochem 28, 265–271 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-012-0266-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-012-0266-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation