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Adult Human Adipose Tissue Contains Several Types of Multipotent Cells

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Abstract

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells that can be easily isolated from various tissues and expanded in vitro. Many reports on their pluripotency and possible clinical applications have raised hopes and interest in MSCs. In an attempt to unify the terminology and the criteria to label a cell as MSC, in 2006 the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) proposed a standard set of rules to define the identity of these cells. However, MSCs are still extracted from different tissues, by diverse isolation protocols, are cultured and expanded in different media and conditions. All these variables may have profound effects on the selection of cell types and the composition of heterogeneous subpopulations, on the selective expansion of specific cell populations with totally different potentials and ergo, on the long-term fate of the cells upon in vitro culture. Therefore, specific molecular and cellular markers that identify MSCs subsets as well as standardization of expansion protocols for these cells are urgently needed. Here, we briefly discuss new useful markers and recent data supporting the rapidly emerging concept that many different types of progenitor cells are found in close association with blood vessels. This knowledge may promote the necessary technical improvements required to reduce variability and promote higher efficacy and safety when isolating and expanding these cells for therapeutic use. In the light of the discussed data, particularly the identification of new markers, and advances in the understanding of fundamental MSC biology, we also suggest a revision of the 2006 ISCT criteria.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Lorenzo Tallone for the drawings of Fig. 3 and Dr. Michael Braun (Beckman Coulter GmbH, Germany) and Luciano Gilardoni (Cardiocentro Ticino) for their help with the graphic artwork.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland

    Tiziano Tallone, Claudio Realini, Silvana Bardelli & Gianni Soldati

  2. Beckman Coulter GmbH, Europark Fichtenhain B13, 47807, Krefeld, Germany

    Andreas Böhmler

  3. Beckman Coulter Eurocenter, Rue Juste Olivier 22, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland

    Christopher Kornfeld

  4. Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland

    Giuseppe Vassalli, Tiziano Moccetti & Silvana Bardelli

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  1. Tiziano Tallone
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Correspondence to Tiziano Tallone.

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Tallone, T., Realini, C., Böhmler, A. et al. Adult Human Adipose Tissue Contains Several Types of Multipotent Cells. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 4, 200–210 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-011-9257-3

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