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Antioxidant Properties of Cultivars and Selections from the Colorado Potato Breeding Program

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Abstract

Consumers have become increasingly aware of potential health benefits from diets rich in fruits and vegetables. While potato has not yet surfaced as a headline-grabber in this respect, there is increasing evidence that some genotypes may possess health attributes that warrant attention. Plant breeders rely on germplasm biodiversity to advance their programs and are also acutely aware of current marketing trends that relate to health attributes. Investigations of antioxidant properties for over 90 genotypes were conducted to characterize antioxidant profiles for the Colorado potato breeding program and to identify those especially rich in antioxidants. The objective was to summarize data based on total phenolics (TP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and vitamin C, as well as to provide LC/MS characterization of major phenolic compounds and glycoalkaloids for pigmented genotypes. Preliminary data from breast cancer cell culture inhibition studies were examined for relationships to in vitro chemical assays. Genotypes with red or purple skin and flesh consistently had the highest gallic acid equivalent TP, TEAC, and chlorogenic acid content. Baked tubers had lower TP levels, TEAC and vitamin C compared to uncooked, microwave cooked and boiled tubers. Environmental effects contributed year to year variation in TP and TEAC radical scavenging capacity. TP content increased after 6 to 7 months in refrigerated storage at 5 ± 1°C in several highly pigmented, but not in white or yellow fleshed cultivars and selections. Major phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and glycoalkaloid content were further investigated with LC/MS in six cultivars. The pigmented cultivars ‘Purple Majesty’ and ‘Mountain Rose’ contained considerably higher levels of chlorogenic acid isomers than the non-pigmented genotypes. In the non-pigmented genotypes, chlorogenic acid and glycolalkaloid content were highest in ‘Rio Grande Russet’. Chlorogenic acid has been demonstrated to exhibit several desirable anticarcinogenic properties in recent biochemical investigations, as have several of the phenolic based anthocyanin pigments found in many colorful fruits and vegetables. Thus, comprehensive compositional profiles using LC/MS are of interest in characterizing germplasm for breeding purposes. Preliminary tests with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts of baked tubers from six cultivars revealed that ‘Rio Grande Russet’ was most effective in inhibiting growth of breast cancer cultures MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. ‘Purple Majesty’ inhibited to some extent, ‘Mountain Rose’ and ‘Yukon Gold’ had no inhibitory effect. A subsequent study with 21 genotypes where the initial extract was made with 80% acetone followed by drying and extraction in aqueous PBS differed from direct PBS extraction. Five genotypes including ‘Russet Nugget’ inhibited at 0.187% to 0.375% w/v of the cell culture solution. However, IC50 inhibition data was not strongly related to the in vitro chemical data for these cultivars.

Resumen

Los consumidores se han dado cuenta del potencial benéfico para la salud que tienen las dietas ricas en frutas y hortalizas. Aunque la papa todavía no ha destacado al respecto en los titulares, hay creciente evidencia que algunos genotipos pueden tener atributos para la salud que garantizan atención. Los fitomejoradores usan la biodiversidad del germoplasma para avanzar sus programas y también son conscientes de las tendencias actuales de mercado que se relacionan con atributos para la salud. Las investigaciones de las propiedades antioxidantes en mas de 90 genotipos se realizaron para caracterizar los perfiles de antioxidantes para el programa de mejoramiento de papa de Colorado e identificar aquellos genotipos ricos en antioxidantes. El objetivo fue resumir datos sobre la base de los fenoles totales (TP), la capacidad antioxidante expresada en equivalente Trolox (TEAC) y vitamina C, así como proporcionar la caracterización LC/MS del contenido de los principales compuestos fenólicos, antocianinas y glicoalcaloides para los genotipos pigmentados. Datos preliminares de estudios de inhibición de cultivos de células del cáncer de mama fueron examinados con relación a ensayos químicos in vitro. Los genotipos con cáscara y pulpa roja o púrpura tuvieron consistentemente el equivalente TP de ácido gálico, TEAC, y contenido de ácido clorogénico más alto. Los tubérculos asados tuvieron los niveles más bajos de TP, TEAC y vitamina C comparados con los tubérculos crudos, y tubérculos cocinados en microondas y cocidos en agua. Los efectos ambientales contribuyeron a la variación de año en año en la capacidad de eliminar radicales libres TP y TEAC. El contenido de TP aumentó después de 6 a 7 meses de almacenamiento refrigerado a 5 ± 1°C en varios cultivares y selecciones fuertemente pigmentadas pero no en los de pulpa blanca o amarilla. El contenido de los principales compuestos fenólicos, antocianinas y glicoalcaloides se siguió investigando con LC/MS en seis cultivares. Los cultivares pigmentados ‘Purple Majesty’ y ‘Mountain Rose’ tuvieron un contenido de isómeros del ácido clorogénico considerablemente mucho más alto que los genotipos no pigmentados. En los genotipos no pigmentados, el contenido de ácido clorogénico y glicoalcaloides fue más alto en ‘Río Grande Russet’. Se ha demostrado en investigaciones bioquímicas recientes que el ácido clorogénico, así como varios pigmentos antociánicos de base fenólica hallados en muchos frutos de color y hortalizas, tiene varias propiedades anticancerígenas,. De este modo los perfiles de composición comprensivos usando LC/MS son de interés en la caracterización del germoplasma con propósitos de mejoramiento. Las pruebas preliminares con extractos salinos en búfer fosfato (PBS) de tubérculos asados de seis cultivares revelaron que ‘Rio Grande Russet’ fue el mas efectivo en inhibir los cultivos de cáncer MCF y MDAMB – 468. Purple Majesty inhibió en algo ‘Mountain Rose’ y ‘Yukon Gold’ no mostraron efecto inhibitorio. Un estudio siguiente con 21 genotipos, donde el extracto inicial fue hecho con 80% de acetona seguido por secado y extracción en PBS acuoso fue diferente a la extracción directa con PBS. Cinco genotipos incluyendo ‘Russet Nugget’ inhibieron al 0.187–0.375% de la solución del cultivo de células. Sin embargo, los datos de inhibición IC50 no fueron firmemente relacionados a los datos químicos in vitro para estos cultivares.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    C. Stushnoff

  2. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, San Luis Valley Research Center, Center, CO, USA

    D. Holm

  3. Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    M. D. Thompson, W. Jiang & H. J. Thompson

  4. New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand

    N. I. Joyce & P. Wilson

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  1. C. Stushnoff
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  2. D. Holm
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  3. M. D. Thompson
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  4. W. Jiang
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  5. H. J. Thompson
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  6. N. I. Joyce
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  7. P. Wilson
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Correspondence to C. Stushnoff.

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Stushnoff, C., Holm, D., Thompson, M.D. et al. Antioxidant Properties of Cultivars and Selections from the Colorado Potato Breeding Program. Am. J. Pot Res 85, 267–276 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9032-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9032-4

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