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A Taxonomic Revision of Stuckenia (Potamogetonaceae) in Asia, with Notes on the Diversity and Variation of the Genus on a Worldwide Scale

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Abstract

A taxonomic revision of the Asian species of Stuckenia, a segregate of Potamogeton, is presented. Six species are recognized and their morphological descriptions, nomenclature and typification of relevant names are given. Distributions of all species are described and lists of representative specimens and distribution maps provided. Lectotypes are designated for 24 names and nomenclatural types are listed for 22 additional names. The correct name for the species known as Potamogeton recurvatus is Stuckenia pamirica (Baagöe) Z. Kaplan, comb. nova. Morphological variation at different levels within the genus is described and compared with different concepts of its taxonomic interpretation. Instructions on examination of key characters are given, together with a key to species. Colour photographs illustrate the general appearance of species as well as many identification details. The pattern of variation and taxonomic validity of the Siberian morphotypes S. subretusa and S. austrosibirica are analyzed. The plasticity of diagnostic characters of P. juncifolius and of P. helveticus from the European Alps, the infraspecific classification of S. filiformis in North America, and the taxonomic status of S. punensis described from Peru are also discussed.

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Notes

  1. The label text “Celsius 29” cited by Haynes (1986) and Haynes & Holm-Nielsen (2003) is not given on this sheet (see also Juel 1936).

  2. The name P. borealis Raf. was proposed for the name “P. marinum L. ?” misapplied by Michaux (1803). Since St. John (1916) it has been believed that the name refers to a form of S. filiformis. However, the type consists of two fruiting plants that with their open sheaths and big fruits undoubtedly belong to S. pectinata, not to S. filiformis.

  3. Type citation given in the protologue: “in Regni Mexicani regione temperata, aquia innatans lacus Yurirapundari, in convalli Sancti Jacobi, inter Puert de Andaracuas et Valladolid de Mechoacan, alt. 914 hexap., Humb. et Bonpl.”

  4. Type citation given in the protologue: “in Provincia Caracasana in lacu Tacariguæ prope urbem Novæ Valenciæ, alt. 226 hex., Humb. et Bonpl.”

  5. When published by Hagström (1916), the name P. pectinatus var. diffusus included several previously published names and by this also their types. According to the present rules, the name has to be considered superfluos and illegitimate. The following three name are the earliest of those included, all with equal priority: P. pectinatus var. dichotomus Wallr. 1822, var. protensus Wallr. 1822, and var. scoparius Wallr. 1822. Among them the nomenclatural base for P. pectinatus var. diffusus has to be chosen. Wiegleb and Kaplan (1998) selected the most frequently adopted name of the three, var. scoparius.

  6. The type was cited in the prologogue as “Muntjokk-ott 23 juni Mapiek-köll”. The reference was later (Ostenfeld and Paulsen 1922) refined as “East Turkestan, Mapik-köll, a part of Kara-koshun, 816 m, 23rd June 1900” and the voucher indicated to be preserved in “hb. Stockholm Univ.” (Hagström 1916). I was unable to locate any specimen identified as var. coronatus or from this place in the herbarium S in spite of twice searching through all collections. Also I failed to find a corresponding specimen in the separately kept collection of specimens from later Hedin travels (S-Hedin) or in Hagström’s personal herbarium now preserved in LD.

  7. The protologue of P. pectinatus var. ungulatus included the earlier name P. pectinatus var. coronatus Hagstr.

  8. The protologue of Potamogeton intramongolicus (Ma et al. 1983) included also the name P. acifolius, obviously referring to the same species. It appears that the author while writing the paper changed his mind, abandoned the epithet “acifolius” and intended to replace it by “intramongolicus” (or vice versa). Unfortunatelly, he failed to correct the name throughtout the protologue. Thus, the name P. intramongolicus appears in the paper on pages 2, 3 and 8, whereas the name P. acifolius is given for the same species on pages 10, 11, 16 and 17 (there is also identical species number 10 often given in front of these two names). By this unfortunate mistake, he created alternative names according to the Code (Vienna ICBN Art. 32.2; McNeill et al. 2006) and none of them is validly published.

  9. Tzvelev (1999) intended to transfer Potamogeton intramongolicus into the genus Stuckenia. However, he actually did not produce the proposed combination “Stuckenia intramongolica (Ma) Tzvelev” because the intended basionym was invalid. In spite of this, Tzvelev created a new name, because he cited in the synonymy Potamogeton chakassiensis and thus he made a full and direct reference to an effectively published description (Vienna ICBN Art. 32.5; McNeill et al. 2006) and to the corresponding type (Art. 10.3). The new name should be attributed solely to the validating author, Tzvelev. Nevertheless, because P. chakassiensis is validly published and legitimate name, epithet “chakassiensis” should have been adopted on the species level (Art. 52.1). The name S. intramongolica is therefore nomenclaturally superfluous when published and is ilegitimate according to the rules.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the curators of the above-mentioned institutional herbaria as well as Leoš Klimeš, Bernhard Dickoré and Victor V. Chepinoga who allowed me to study their collections. Victor V. Chepinoga also kindly provided me with recent fresh plant material and Kateřina Jandová helped to take care of the cultivated samples. James L. Reveal, John McNeill and Karol Marhold provided useful comments on intricate nomenclatural issues and Tony Dixon improved the English of the manuscript. The research was supported by grant 206/06/0593 from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, and by the long-term institutional research plan no. AV0Z60050516 from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The visits to the collections and libraries of the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen, the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland in Leiden and Wageningen were supported by the European Commission’s Integrated Infrastructure Initiative programme SYNTHESYS.

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  1. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Zdeněk Kaplan

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Dedicated to the memory of Leoš Klimeš (1960–2007) who disappeared during his last expedition to Ladakh.

Appendix

Appendix

Index of scientific names.

Only final epithets are included in the index. Nomenclatural synonyms with the same final epithet are represented by their basionym only. Epithets of correct names of accepted species are printed in bold.

Generic names

Coleogeton 160, 170

Groenlandia 160

Potamogeton 159–162, 166, 229

Stuckenia 159–163, 166–170, 180, 188, 190, 201, 206, 227–229

Zannichellia 162

Supraspecific names in Potamogeton

Coleogeton 160, 170

Coleophylli 160

Pectinati 160

Specific and infraspecific names in Potamogeton

acifolius 177

alpinus 218

amblyphyllus 209

amphibius 219

angustissimus 174

aulacophyllus 218

austrosibiricus 220, 227

balatonicus 177, 188

borealis 172

caespitosus 175

chakassiensis 179, 180

coronatus 176

dichotomus 174, 175

diffusus 175

elongatus 219

fasciculatus 218

filiformis 201, 218, 228

flabellatus 175

fluviatilis 219

foliosus 175

gracilis 177

helveticus 159, 176, 177, 188

humilis 220

interruptus 172, 174

intramongolicus 177, 180

juncifolius 159, 164, 219, 227

kihlmanii 219

latifolius 174

macrocarpus 189

magellanicus 220, 227

marinus 172

mongolicus 175, 176

occidentalis 227

pamiricus 194, 200, 201

pectinatus 170, 171, 206

protensus 174, 175

punensis 220, 228

recurvatus 159, 194, 201

rostratus 220

scoparius 174, 175

setaceus 218

subdrupaceus 176

subretusus 202, 206

tenuifolius 174

tenuior 180

tenuis 175

typicus (under P. pectinatus) 172

ungulatus 176

vaginatus 201

vaillantii 174

vulgaris (under P. filiformis) 218

vulgaris (under P. pectinatus) 172

zosteraceus 175, 188, 189

zosteroides 176

Specific and infraspecific names in Stuckenia

alpina 218, 228

amblyphylla 161, 168–170, 206, 209–217

austrosibirica 159, 220, 227

borealis 172

fennica 228

filiformis 159, 161–170, 172, 201, 206, 216, 218, 221–223, 225–228

helvetica 177

intramongolica 180

macrocarpa 161, 168, 169, 171, 189–195

marina 172

occidentalis 228

pamirica 159, 161, 168, 171, 194, 195, 197–201

pectinata 160–163, 166–173, 178, 179, 186, 188–190, 206, 207, 225, 227, 228

punensis 159, 220, 228

striata 160

subretusa 159, 202, 206–208

vaginata 161, 168, 171, 188, 201, 203–208, 228

zosteracea 175

Specific and infraspecific names in other genera

Buccaferrea pectinata 172

Coleogeton * alpinus 218

Coleogeton * balatonicus 177

Coleogeton filiformis 218

Coleogeton pectinatus 172

Coleogeton vaginatus 202

Spirillus filiformis 218

Spirillus interruptus 172

Spirillus pectiniformis 172

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Kaplan, Z. A Taxonomic Revision of Stuckenia (Potamogetonaceae) in Asia, with Notes on the Diversity and Variation of the Genus on a Worldwide Scale. Folia Geobot 43, 159–234 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-008-9010-0

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