Abstract
The trigeminal ganglion (TG) can express and release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an important neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in migraine attack and cluster headache. Activation of rat TG increases CGRP expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of CGRP expression in TG neurons remains to be explored. This study aims to evaluate the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in CGRP upregulation after rat TG organ culture. Rat TG was cultured alone for 24 h or cultured in combination with MAPK inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), or interleukin 1β (IL-1β) for 24 h. CGRP protein was determined using immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of CGRP, TNF-α, and IL-1β were analyzed through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MAPK phosphorylation was detected via western blot. After rat TG organ culture, the expressions of CGRP, TNF-α, and IL-1β were upregulated at 24 h. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), P38, and c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) significantly increased at 30 min compared with fresh rat TG. In addition, both CGRP expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P38, and JNK were enhanced obviously after rat TG treatment with TNF-α or IL-1β compared with fresh rat TG. However, they decreased markedly after rat TG pretreatment with PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (P38 inhibitor), or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) compared with rat TG co-culture with TNF-α or IL-1β. In conclusion, the elevated CGRP expression after rat TG organ culture can be regulated via MAPK pathways. The findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and experimental evidence for therapeutic targets of migraine.
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Abbreviations
- CGRP:
-
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
- ERK1/2:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2
- IL-1β:
-
Interleukin 1β
- JNK:
-
c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinases
- P38:
-
P38 protein
- TG:
-
Trigeminal ganglion
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor α
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Acknowledgments
We should express much gratitude to Mr. Fujun Zhang, Ms. Yan Han, and Qilan Ning for their expertise and assistance in the experiments. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30570631, 30630058).
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Lei, L., Yuan, X., Wang, S. et al. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways are Involved in the Upregulation of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide of Rat Trigeminal Ganglion After Organ Culture. J Mol Neurosci 48, 53–65 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9772-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9772-y