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Non-ionic Surfactants and Non-Catalytic Protein Treatment on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Creeping Wild Ryegrass

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Abstract

Our previous research has shown that saline Creeping Wild Ryegrass (CWR), Leymus triticoides, has a great potential to be used for bioethanol production because of its high fermentable sugar yield, up to 85% cellulose conversion of pretreated CWR. However, the high cost of enzyme is still one of the obstacles making large-scale lignocellulosic bioethanol production economically difficult. It is desirable to use reduced enzyme loading to produce fermentable sugars with high yield and low cost. To reduce the enzyme loading, the effect of addition of non-ionic surfactants and non-catalytic protein on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated CWR was investigated in this study. Tween 20, Tween 80, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as additives to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute sulfuric-acid-pretreated CWR. Under the loading of 0.1 g additives/g dry solid, Tween 20 was the most effective additive, followed by Tween 80 and BSA. With the addition of Tween 20 mixed with cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g cellulose, the cellulose conversion increased 14% (from 75 to 89%), which was similar to that with cellulase loading of 30 FPU/g cellulose and without additive addition. The results of cellulase and BSA adsorption on the Avicel PH101, pretreated CWR, and lignaceous residue of pretreated CWR support the theory that the primary mechanism behind the additives is prevention of non-productive adsorption of enzymes on lignaceous material of pretreated CWR. The addition of additives could be a promising technology to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis by reducing the enzyme activity loss caused by non-productive adsorption.

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Abbreviations

CWR:

Creeping Wild Ryegrass, Leymus triticoides

BSA:

bovine serum albumin

FPU:

cellulase activity

CBU:

β-glucosidase activity

Tween 80:

poly(oxyethylene)20-sorbitan-monooleate

Tween 20:

poly(oxyethylene)20-sorbitan-monolaurate

SSF:

simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

DI water:

deionized water

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

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Acknowledgment

Authors would like to thank Novozymes Inc. for providing the enzymes and Red Rock Ranch for providing the biomass materials for this research. The funding support for this research was partially provided by a research grant from California Department of Water Resources (grant no. 4600002991).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Yi Zheng, Zhongli Pan, Ruihong Zhang & Bryan Jenkins

  2. Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA–ARS–WRRC, 800 Buchanan, St. Albany, CA, 94710, USA

    Zhongli Pan

  3. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Donghai Wang

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  1. Yi Zheng
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  2. Zhongli Pan
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Correspondence to Yi Zheng.

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Zheng, Y., Pan, Z., Zhang, R. et al. Non-ionic Surfactants and Non-Catalytic Protein Treatment on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Creeping Wild Ryegrass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 146, 231–248 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-8035-9

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