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Do Psychiatric Comorbidities Influence Inpatient Death, Adverse Events, and Discharge After Lower Extremity Fractures?

  • Clinical Research
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Psychiatric comorbidity is known to contribute to illness (the state of feeling unwell/unable to rely on one’s body) and increased use of healthcare resources, but the effect on inpatient outcomes in fracture care is relatively unexplored.

Questions/purposes

Our primary null hypothesis is that a concomitant diagnosis of depression, anxiety, dementia, or schizophrenia is not associated with (1) discharge to another care facility rather than home after lower extremity fractures. Secondary study questions address the associations between psychiatric comorbidity and (2) longer inpatient stay and inpatient (3) adverse events; (4) blood transfusion; and (5) mortality after lower extremity fractures.

Methods

Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey database, we analyzed a total estimated number of 10,669,449 patients with lower limb fractures from 1990 to 2007. Sixty-four percent were women, and the mean ± SD age was 67 ± 22 years. The prevalence in the study population was 3.2% for depression, 1.6% for anxiety, 0.6% for schizophrenia, and 2.9% for dementia.

Results

A discharge diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity was associated with a lower rate of discharge to home after accounting for an association with greater medical comorbidity (schizophrenia: odds ratio [OR], 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5–5.8; dementia: OR, 1.3, 95% CI, 1.2–1.3; depression: OR, 1.2, 95% CI, 1.2–1.3; anxiety: OR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02–1.06). Hospital stay was longer for patients with schizophrenia and dementia but shorter in patients with depression or anxiety compared with patients without any mental disorders. Schizophrenia was associated with more in-hospital adverse events and depression and anxiety with fewer events. A diagnosis of depression was associated with blood transfusion. Psychiatric comorbidity was not associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death.

Conclusions

Optimal inpatient management of patients with lower extremity fractures should account for the influence of psychiatric comorbidities, dementia and schizophrenia in particular.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Yawkey Center, Suite 2100, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Mariano E. Menendez BS, Valentin Neuhaus MD, Arjan G. J. Bot MD & David Ring MD, PhD

  2. Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Mark S. Vrahas MD

Authors
  1. Mariano E. Menendez BS
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  2. Valentin Neuhaus MD
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  3. Arjan G. J. Bot MD
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  4. Mark S. Vrahas MD
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  5. David Ring MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Ring MD, PhD.

Additional information

One of the authors (VN) certifies that he has received, during the study period, funding from Gottfried und Julia Bangerter-Rhyner-Stiftung (Bern, Switzerland). One of the authors (AGJB) certifies that he has received, during the study period, funding from Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds/Banning-de Jong Fonds (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), VSBfonds (Utrecht, The Netherlands), and Anna Fonds (Oegstgeest, The Netherlands).

All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request.

Each author certifies that his or her institution waived approval for the human protocol for this investigation because it used an anonymous database and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research.

This work was performed at the Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

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Menendez, M.E., Neuhaus, V., Bot, A.G.J. et al. Do Psychiatric Comorbidities Influence Inpatient Death, Adverse Events, and Discharge After Lower Extremity Fractures?. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471, 3336–3348 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3138-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3138-9

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