Skip to main content
Log in

Case Reports: Two Femoral Insufficiency Fractures after Long-term Alendronate Therapy

  • Case Report
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Bisphosphonates are widely used for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Although short-term safety and efficacy of these drugs have been investigated and documented, an increasing number of recent reports draw attention to the possible correlation between long-term alendronate therapy and the occurrence of insufficiency fractures in the proximal femur owing to what is known as severely suppressed bone turnover. We describe two femoral insufficiency fractures in two women receiving long-term alendronate therapy. The first woman sustained a periprosthetic fracture at the tip of the femoral stem whereas the other woman had a fracture in the subtrochanteric region. We analyze the characteristics and natural course of these two unique fractures, and emphasize the importance of being aware of the possible correlation between long-term alendronate therapy and insufficiency femoral fractures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1A–B
Fig. 2A–B
Fig. 3A–B
Fig. 4A–B
Fig. 5A–B
Fig. 6
Fig. 7A–B
Fig. 8A–B

References

  1. Black D, Schwartz A, Ensrud K, Rybak-Feiglin A, Gupta J, Lombardi A, Wallace R, Levis S, Quandt S, Satterfield S, Cauley J, Cummings S. A 5 year randomized trial of the long-term efficacy and safety of alendronate. J Bone Mineral Res. 2004;10(suppl 1):S45.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, Bauer DC, Genant HK, Haskell WL, Marcus R, Ott SM, Torner JC, Quandt SA, Reiss TF, Ensrud KE. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet. 1996;348:1535–1541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bone HG, Schurr W. Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis: where do we stand? Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2004;2:24–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chalmers J. Subtrochanteric fractures in osteomalacia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970;52:509–513.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheung RK, Leung KK, Lee KC, Chow TC. Sequential non-traumatic femoral shaft fractures in a patient on long-term alendronate. Hong Kong Med J. 2007;13:485–489.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, Palermo L, Prineas R, Rubin SM, Scott JC, Vogt T, Wallace R, Yates AJ, LaCroix AZ. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1998;280:2077–2082.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Currey JD. Effects of differences in mineralization on the mechanical properties of bone. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1984;304:509–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Esterberg J, Kassim RA, Redmon J, Coad J, Macari GS, Saleh KJ. Hip pain in a case of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Am J Orthop. 2003;32:455–458.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action. Endocr Rev. 1998;19:80–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gill TJ, Sledge JB, Orler R, Ganz R. Lateral insufficiency fractures of the femur caused by osteopenia and varus angulation: a complication of total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1999;14:982–987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Goh SK, Yang KY, Koh JS, Wong MK, Chua SY, Chua DT, Howe TS. Subtrochanteric insufficiency fractures in patients on alendronate therapy: a caution. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:349–353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kleerekoper M. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and treatment of osteoporosis. Semin Reprod Med. 2005;23:141–148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kundu ZS, Marya KM, Devgan A, Yadav V, Rohilla S. Subtrochanteric fracture managed by intramedullary nail in a patient with pycnodysostosis. Joint Bone Spine. 2004;71:154–156.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kwek EB, Goh SK, Koh JS, Png MA, Howe TS. An emerging pattern of subtrochanteric stress fractures: a long-term complication of alendronate therapy? Injury. 2008;39:224–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lenart BA, Lorich DG, Lane JM. Atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis in postmenopausal women taking alendronate. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1304–1306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lindahl H. Epidemiology of periprosthetic femur fracture around total hip arthroplasty. Injury. 2007;38:651–654.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Morgan G, Ganapathi M, Afzal S, Grant AJ. Pathological fractures in primary hyperparathyroidism: a case report highlighting diagnostic difficulties. Injury. 2002;33:288–291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Neviaser AS, Lane JM, Lenart BA, Edobor-Osula F, Lorich DG. Low-energy femoral shaft fractures associated with alendronate use. J Orthop Trauma. 2008;22:346–350.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Odvina CV, Zerwekh JE, Rao DS, Maalouf N, Gottschalk FA, Pak CY. Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:1294–1301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ott S. Long-term safety of bisphosphonates. Editorial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:1897–1899.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pauwels F. [The significance of the structural principles of the locomotor apparatus to resist the forces applied on long bones] [in German]. Anat Embryol. 1948;114:1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Roth VG. Pycnodysostosis presenting with bilateral subtrochanteric fractures: case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976;117:247–253.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sayed-Noor AS, Sjödén GO. Subtrochanteric displaced insufficiency fracture after long-term alendronate therapy: a case report. Acta Orthop. 2008;79:565–567.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Schneider JP. Should bisphosphonates be continued indefinitely? An unusual fracture in a healthy woman on long-term alendronate. Geriatrics. 2006;61:31–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Schnitzler CM, Wing JR, Gear KA, Robson HJ. Bone fragility of the peripheral skeleton during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;261:268–275.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Tonino RP, Meunier PJ, Emkey R, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Menkes CJ, Wasnich RD, Bone HG, Santora AC, Wu M, Desai R, Ross PD. Skeletal benefits of alendronate: 7-year treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:3109–3115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arkan S. Sayed-Noor MD, FEBOT, PhD.

Additional information

Each author certifies that he/she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the reporting of these case reports, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained.

About this article

Cite this article

Sayed-Noor, A.S., Sjödén, G.O. Case Reports: Two Femoral Insufficiency Fractures after Long-term Alendronate Therapy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 467, 1921–1926 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0725-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-009-0725-x

Keywords

Navigation