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Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Hypertension

  • Hypertension and the Heart (SD Solomon and O Vardeny, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Hypertension is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, including heart failure with both preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) defines the complex and diverse perturbations of cardiac structure and function occurring secondary to hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the most recognized features of HHD and is an established risk factor for adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in hypertension. Beyond LVH, LV geometry provides additional information regarding the cardiac response to hypertension. Imaging studies from larger cohorts of hypertensive patients reveal wide variability in the prevalence of LVH and LV geometric patterns, with the prevalence of concentric LVH similar to that of eccentric LVH. Hypertension is also associated with concomitant impairments in LV diastolic and systolic function. It remains uncertain why patients develop different patterns of LVH, although demographics and clinical comorbidities appear to influence that response.

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Funding Source

The work for this manuscript was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant HMSP-ICJ/0013/2012 (M.S.) and NHLBI grant 1K08HL116792-01A1 (A.M.S.).

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Conflict of Interest

Mário Santos declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Amil M. Shah declares that the work for this manuscript was partially supported by NHLBI grant 1K08HL116792-01A1. Dr. Shah is a recipient of a career development award (NHLBI grant 1K08HL116792-01A1) from NIH/NHLBI.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular R&D Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Mário Santos

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Mário Santos & Amil M. Shah

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  1. Mário Santos
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  2. Amil M. Shah
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Correspondence to Amil M. Shah.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Hypertension and the Heart

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Santos, M., Shah, A.M. Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 16, 428 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-014-0428-x

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