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Regulation of Atherosclerosis and Associated Risk Factors by Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors

  • Clinical Trials and Their Interpretations (J Plutzky, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Adenosine is an endogenous metabolite that has an anti-inflammatory effect across the vasculature. Extracellular adenosine activates 4 G-protein coupled receptors (A1, A3, A2A, and A2B) whose expression varies in different cells and tissues, including the vasculature and blood cells. Higher levels of adenosine are generated during stress, inflammation, and upon tissue damage. Some of the adenosine receptors (AR), such as the A2BAR, are further up-regulated following such stresses. This review discusses the role of adenosine and adenosine receptors in the development of atherosclerosis and some of the risk factors associated with this pathology. These include adenosine receptor-regulated changes in atherosclerosis, blood pressure, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Potential therapeutic applications are reviewed, as well as reasons for phenotypic differences occasionally observed between receptor knockout and pharmacological inhibition via drug administration.

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Acknowledgments

The authors apologize to all whose work they could not cite due to limited space required by the journal. This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL93149, and by the Boston Nutrition Obesity Research Center (DK046200) Pilot Grant to Katya Ravid; Milka Koupenova was supported by postdoctoral Training Grant from NIH (HL007224); Hillary A. Johnston-Cox was supported by pre-doctoral Training Grant from NIH (HL007969).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-601, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Katya Ravid

  2. Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Milka Koupenova & Katya Ravid

  3. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Hillary Johnston-Cox & Katya Ravid

  4. Evans Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Katya Ravid

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA

    Milka Koupenova

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  1. Milka Koupenova
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  2. Hillary Johnston-Cox
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  3. Katya Ravid
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Correspondence to Katya Ravid.

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Koupenova, M., Johnston-Cox, H. & Ravid, K. Regulation of Atherosclerosis and Associated Risk Factors by Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors. Curr Atheroscler Rep 14, 460–468 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-012-0263-y

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