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Effects of Diet on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

  • Nutrition (William S. Harris, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Multiple dietary factors have been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, and HDL-C has been inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Replacement of dietary carbohydrate with polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fat has been associated with progressively greater increases in HDL-C (7–12%) in addition to other lipid changes. Added sugars, but not high glycemic carbohydrates, have been associated with decreased HDL-C. Alcohol consumption has been associated with increased HDL-C (9.2%) independent of changes in other measured lipids. Modest effects on HDL-C (~4–5%) among other lipid and non-lipid CHD risk factors have also been observed with weight loss by dieting, omega-3 fatty acids, and a Mediterranean diet pattern. The CHD benefit of increasing HDL-C is unclear given the inconsistent evidence from HDL-raising pharmacologic trials. Furthermore, pleiotropic effects of diet preclude attribution of CHD benefit specifically to HDL-C. Investigation into functional or other properties of HDL may lend further insight.

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Acknowledgment

I am grateful to Dr. Ronald M. Krauss for his continued mentorship, including helpful discussions related to this manuscript.

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No conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

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  1. Atherosclerosis Research, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA

    Patty W. Siri-Tarino

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Correspondence to Patty W. Siri-Tarino.

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Siri-Tarino, P.W. Effects of Diet on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Curr Atheroscler Rep 13, 453–460 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-011-0207-y

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