Skip to main content
Log in

The orientation imaging microscopy of lead-free Sn-Ag solder joints

  • Research Summary
  • Lead-Free Solder
  • Published:
JOM Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Orientation imaging microscopy was used to identify solidification microstructures and early stages of damage evolution in tin-silver eutectic solder joints on copper and nickel substrates after aging, creep, and thermomechanical fatigue. A visco-plastic self-consistent plasticity model was able to simulate texture changes when work hardening occurred at higher strain rates, but not with lower rates, where grain boundary sliding dominated the deformation and slip occurred predominantly on one or two slip systems that could be predicted using a Schmid (Sachs) analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.G. Lee and K.N. Subramanian, “Microstructural Features Contributing to Enhanced Behaviour of Sn-Ag Based Solder Joints,” Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 17 (1) (2005), pp. 33–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.G. Lee and K.N. Subramanian, “Effect of Dwell Times on Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of Sn-Ag Based Solder Joints,” J. Electronic Materials, 32 (2003), pp. 523–530.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.G. Lee et al., “Residual-Mechanical Behavior of Thermomechanically Fatigued Sn-Ag Based Solder Joints,” J. Electronic Materials, 31 (2002), pp. 946–952.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.U. Telang et al., “Comparisons of Experimental and Computed Crystal Rotations Due to Slip in Crept and Thermomechanically Fatigued Dual Shear Eutectic Sn-Ag Solder Joints,” J. Electronic Materials, 32 (2003), pp. 1455–1462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Fujiwara and T. Hirokawa, “The Strength of Main Obstacles to Dislocation Motion in White Tin Crystals,” J. Japan Inst. Metals, 51 (1987), pp. 830–838.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.A. Rayne and B.S. Chandrasekhar, “Elastic Constant of Beta Tin from 42 K to 300 K,” Phys. Rev., 120 (1960), pp. 1658–1663.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Frear, H. Morgan, and J.H. Lau, editors, The Mechanics of Solder Alloy Interconnects (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  8. J.E. Breen and J. Weertman, “Creep of Polycrystalline Tin,” J. Metals, 7 (1955), p. 1230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Weertman and J.E. Breen, “Creep of Tin Single Crystals,” J. Appl. Phys., 27 (1956), p. 1189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Weertman, “Compressional Creep of Tin Single Crystals,” J. Appl. Phys., 28 (1957), p. 196.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Weertman, “Creep of Indium, Lead, and Some of Their Alloys with Various Metals,” Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs., 218 (1960), p. 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Darveaux and K. Banerji, “Constitutive Relations for Tin-Based Solder Joints,” IEEE Trans. Components, Hybrids and Manuf. Tech., 15 (1992), pp. 1013–1024.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L.P. Lehman et al., “Growth of Sn and Intermetallic Compounds in Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints,” J. Electronic Materials, 33 (12) (2004), pp. 1429–1439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D.W. Henderson et al., “The Microstructure of Sn in Near-Eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu Alloy Solder Joints and Its Role in Thermomechanical Fatigue,” J. Materials Research, 19 (2004), pp. 1608–1612.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.U. Telang et al., “Grain Boundary Sliding on 7, 14, and 22° Special Boundaries during Thermomechanical Cycling in Dual-Shear Lap Lead-Free Solder Joint Specimens,” Materials Science and Engineering, in press.

  16. A.U. Telang et al., “Orientation Imaging Studies of Sn-Based Electronic Solder Joints,” J. Materials Research, 17 (2002), pp. 2294–2306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A.U. Telang and T.R. Bieler, “Characterization of Microstructure and Crystal Orientation of the Tin Phase in Single Shear Lap Sn-3.5Ag Solder Joint Specimens,” 52 (10) (2005), Scripta Materialia, pp. 1027–1031.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. E.L. Maksimova, L.S. Shvindlerman, and B.B. Straumal, “Transformation of Sigma 17 Special Tilt Boundaries to General Boundaries in Tin,” Acta Metall., 36 (1988), pp. 1573–1583.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. D.A. Molodov, B.B. Straumal, and L.S. Shvindlerman, “The Effect of Pressure on Migration of Tilt Grain Boundaries in Tin Bicrystals,” Scripta Metallurgica, 18 (1984), pp. 207–211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Kokawa, T. Watanabe, and S. Karashima, “Sliding Behavior and Dislocation Structures in Aluminum Grain Boundaries,” Phil. Mag. A, 44 (1981), pp. 1239–1254.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L.S. Shvindlerman and B.B. Straumal, “Regions of Existence of Special and Non-Special Grain Boundaries,” Acta Metall., 33 (1985), pp. 1735–1749.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A.U. Telang et al., “Grain Boundary Character and Grain Growth in Bulk Tin and Bulk Lead-free Solder Alloys,” J. Electr. Mater., 33 (12) (2004), pp. 1412–1423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Zamiri et al., unpublished research (2005).

  24. Y.B. Park, D.N. Lee, and G. Gottstein, “A Model of the Development of Recrystallization Textures in Body Centered Cubic Metals,” Materials Science and Engineering A, 257 (1998), pp. 178–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A.U. Telang and T.R. Bieler, Solid State Phenomena, 105 (2005), pp. 219–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. Rhee et al., “Mechanical Characterization of Sn-3.5Ag Solder Joints at Various Temperatures,” Soldering and Surface Mount Technology, 15 (3) (2003), pp. 21–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R.A. Lebensohn and C.N. Tomé, “A Self-Consistent Anisotropic Approach for the Simulation of Plastic Deformation and Texture Development of Polycrystals—Application to Zirconium Alloys,” Acta metal.mater., 41 (1993), pp. 2611–2624.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. C.N. Tomé and R.A. Lebensohn, Manual for Code Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC), Version 6 (Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory, May 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  29. L.P. Lehman et al., “Microstructure and Damage Evolution in Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints,” 2005 Proceedings 55th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (2005) pp. 674–681.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

A.U. Telang (currently employed at Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon) completed his Ph.D. in 2004, with Associate Professor

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Telang, A.U., Bieler, T.R. The orientation imaging microscopy of lead-free Sn-Ag solder joints. JOM 57, 44–49 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-005-0135-9

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-005-0135-9

Keywords

Navigation