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Neue Verfahren für Einzelzellanalysen in Forschung und Diagnostik

New methods of single-cell analysis in research and diagnostics

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medizinische genetik

Zusammenfassung

Die traditionelle Zytogenetik ist ein Paradebeispiel für eine Einzelzelldiagnostik, weil mit jeder gebänderten Metaphase das gesamte Genom einer Zelle – bei relativ niedriger Auflösung – untersucht wird. Dies repräsentierte über mehrere Jahrzehnte einen wichtigen Unterschied zu molekulargenetischen Untersuchungstechniken, die in der Mehrheit der Fälle auf DNA oder RNA basieren, die aus hunderten oder tausenden von Zellen extrahiert wurden. Viele Fragestellungen können jedoch nur durch Analysen auf dem Niveau einzelner oder weniger Zellen beantwortet werden. Deshalb wurden besonders in den letzten Jahren neue Einzelzelltechniken mit dem Ziel entwickelt, immer mehr Loci mit verbessertem Auflösungsvermögen simultan analysieren zu können. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die diesbezüglich wichtigsten Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre zusammengefasst.

Abstract

Traditional cytogenetics is a paradigm for single-cell diagnostics; after a banding procedure, each metaphase examined represents the analysis of an entire genome of a cell, albeit at a low resolution. For several decades, this single-cell character has represented an important distinction in molecular genetics technologies, which are mostly based on DNA or RNA extracted from hundreds or thousands of cells. However, many essential questions can be addressed only by analyzing cells on the level of fewer or single cells. In the last few years, new single-cell techniques have been developed with the aim to simultaneously examine more regions with improved resolution. In this overview we summarize the most important recent developments and changes.

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  1. Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Universität Graz, Harrachgasse 21/8, A-8010, Graz, Österreich

    J. Geigl & M. Speicher

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  1. J. Geigl
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  2. M. Speicher
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Correspondence to J. Geigl.

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Geigl, J., Speicher, M. Neue Verfahren für Einzelzellanalysen in Forschung und Diagnostik. medgen 20, 407–415 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-008-0138-3

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