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ACCORD, ADVANCE und VADT – Paradigmenwechsel in der Diabetologie?

Ist gute Blutzuckereinstellung gefährlich?

ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT – change of the paradigm in diabetology? Is good metabolic control dangerous for patients?

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Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Im letzten Jahr wurden mehrere große Interventionsstudien zur Verhinderung makro- und mikrovaskulärer Komplikationen, besonders aber zur Senkung der Mortalität bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes durch normnahe Blutzuckereinstellung abgeschlossen. Nachdem die ACCORD-Studie wegen erhöhter Mortalität in der intensiv behandelten Gruppe abgebrochen wurde, bestätigten die folgenden Studien diesen Befund nicht. Allerdings zeigte sich auch in der ADVANCE- und VADT-Studie kein Nutzen einer scharfen Blutzuckereinstellung mit einem HBA1 c-Zielwert <6,5%. Dagegen zeigte sich in der Langzeitauswertung der UKPDS-Studie (Nachbeobachtung >10 Jahre) ein deutlicher Benefit der anfangs intensivierten Blutzuckertherapie. Offensichtlich ist eine frühzeitige gute Blutzuckereinstellung für das weitere Schicksal der Patienten auch hinsichtlich makrovaskulärer Komplikationen entscheidend; nach längeren Diabetesverlauf, bereits manifester KHK und zuvor schlechter Blutzuckereinstellung ist der Benefit einer scharfen Blutzuckereinstellung gering. Ein Teil der Patienten wird durch Nebenwirkungen der Therapie z.B. Hypoglykämien sogar gefährdet, so dass hier ein moderateres Therapieziel – z.B. ein HBA1 c-Wert von 7% – angestrebt werden sollte.

Abstract

Last year several important interventional studies investigating how good glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes may avoid micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality were completed. However, the ACCORD study was stopped prematurely because of increased mortality in the intensively treated patient group but following studies have not confirmed this finding. Indeed, in ADVANCE and VADT, there was also no benefit of good glucose control with an HBA1 c target below 6.5%. On the other hand, the UKPDS study showed in the longterm follow-up (more than 10 years) a clear benefit of good glucose control in the early intensively treated patient group. Obviously, early, good glucose control is deciding the fate of the patient in the long run, especially with respect to macrovascular complications. In the long-term, the benefit for persons with already manifested coronary heart disease and poor glucose control prior to good glucose control is limited. For some patients, this may be even dangerous because of therapy side effects, such as hypoglycemia. For these patients, a more conservative glucose target, e.g., a HBA1 c value of 7%, may be recommended.

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Correspondence to T. Lohmann.

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Lohmann, T., Möhlig, M. & Pfeiffer, A. ACCORD, ADVANCE und VADT – Paradigmenwechsel in der Diabetologie?. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl 4 (Suppl 2), 196–199 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11789-009-0066-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11789-009-0066-z

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