Abstract
This study examined the effects of feeding pasture vs. concentrate on the distribution of CLA isomers in the lipids of longissimus and semitendinosus muscle, liver and heart muscle, and subcutaneous fat in beef bulls. Sixty-four German Holstein and German Simmental bulls were randomly allocated to either an indoor concentrate system or periods of pasture feeding followed by a finishing period on a concentrate containing linseed to enhance their beef content of n−3 PUFA and CLA. The concentrations of CLA isomers in the different tissues were determined by GC and silver ion HPLC. The diet affected the distribution of individual CLA isomers in the lipids of the different tissues. The concentration (mg/100 g fresh tissue) of the most prominent isomer, cis-9,trans-11 18∶2, was increased up to 1.5 times in liver and heart tissue of bulls fed on pasture as compared with concentrate. However, no diet effect was observed for cis-9,trans-11 18∶2 in the lipids of longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat. In all tissues, the second-most abundant CLA isomer in concentratefed bulls was trans-7,cis-9 18∶2. In contrast, trans-11,cis-13 18∶2 was the second-most abundant CLA isomer in all investigated tissue lipids of pasture-fed bulls. The concentration of the trans-11,cis-13 18∶2 isomer was up to 15 times higher in tissues of pasture-fed bulls as compared with concentrate-fed animals. Furthermone, diet affected the concentrations of the CLA trans,trans 18∶2 isomers. Pasture feeding significantly increased the concentrations of some trans,trans 18∶2 isomers as compared with concentrate, predominantly trans-12,trans-14 18∶2 and trans-11,trans-13 18∶2. Overall, pasture feeding resulted in significantly increased concentrations of the sum of CLA isomers in the lipids of longissimus, muscle, subcutaneous fat, heart and liver muscle of German Holstein and German Simmental bulls, but not in semitendinosus muscle.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Ag+-HPLC:
-
silver ion HPLC
- LSM:
-
least square mean
- ME:
-
methylester
- SEM:
-
standard error of LSM
References
Bauman, D.E., Baumgard, L.H., Corl, B.A., and Griinari J.M. (1999) Biosynthesis of Conjugated Linolenic Acid in Ruminants, Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 1999. Available at: http://www.asas.org/jas/symposiua/proceedings/E30. Accessed (date to be supplied).
Belury, M.A. (2003) Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications and Potential Mechanisms, in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research (Sebedio, J.L., Christie, W.W., and Adlof, R.O., eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 302–315, AOCS Press, Champaign.
Kritchevsky, D. (2003) Conjugated Linoleic Acids in Experimental Atherosclerosis, in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research (Sebedio, J.L., Christie, W.W., and Adlof, R.O., eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 292–301, AOCS Press, Champaign.
Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook M.E. (2001) The Biologically Active Isomers of Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Progr. Lipid Res. 40, 283–298.
Banni, S., Heys, S.D., and Wahle, K.W.J. (2003) Conjugated Linoleic Acids as Anticancer Nutrients: Studies in vivo and Cellular Mechanisms, in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research (Sebedio, J.L., Christie, W.W., and Adlof, R.O., eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 267–282, AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois.
Khanal, R.C. (2004) Potential Health Benefits of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Review, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17, 1315–1328.
Martin, C.J., and Valeille, K. (2002) Conjugated Linoleic Acids: All the Same or to Everyone Its Own Function? Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42, 525–536.
Park, Y., Park, C.W., Kim, S.J., Kim, J.K., Kim, Y.R., Kim, Y.S., and Ha, Y.L. (2003) Divergent Cytotoxic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on NCI-N87 Cells, in Food Factors in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (Shahidi, F., Ho, C.-T., Watanabe, S., and Osawa, T., eds.), pp. 113–118, ACS Symposium Series, 851, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Harfoot, C.G., and Hazelwood G.P. (1998) Lipid Metabolism in the Rumen, in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem (Hobson, P.N., ed.), pp. 383–426, Elsevier Science Publishers, London.
Griinari, J.M., Corl, B.A., Lacy, S.H., Chouinard, P.Y., Nurmela, K.V., and Bauman, D.E. (2000) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is Synthesized Endogenously in Lactating Dairy Cows by Δ9-Desaturase, J. Nutr. 130, 2285–2291.
Palmquist, D.L. (2001) Ruminal and Endogenous Synthesis of CLA in Cows, Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 56, 134–137.
Kay, J.K., Mackle, T.R., Auldist, M.J., Thomson, N.A., and Bauman, D.E. (2004) Endogenous Synthesis of cis-9,trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Dairy Cows Fed Fresh Pasture, J. Dairy Sci. 87, 369–378.
Song, M.K., and Kenelly, J.K. (2003) Biosynthesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Its Incorporation into Ruminant's Products, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16, 306–314.
Khanal, R.C., and Dhiman, T.R. (2004) Biosynthesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Review, Pakistan J. Nutr. 3, 72–81.
Parodi, P.W. (1977) Conjugated Octadecadienoic Acid of Milk Fat, J. Dairy Sci. 60, 1550–1553.
Fritsche, J., Fritsche, S., Solomon, M.B., Mossoba, M.M., Yurawecz, M.P., Morehouse, K., and Ku, Y. (2000) Quantitative Determination of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Beef Fat, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 102, 667–672.
Bauman, D.E., Corl, B.A., Baumgard, L.H., and Griinari, J.M. (2001) Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and the Dairy Cow, in Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (Garnsworthy, P.C., and Wiseman, J., eds.), pp. 221–250, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Lock, A.L., and Gransworthy, P.C. (2003) Seasonal Variations in Milk Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Δ9-Desaturase Activity in Dairy Cows, Livestock Prod. Sci. 79, 47–59.
Kraft, J., Collomb, M., Möckel, P., Sieber, R., and Jahries, G. (2003) Differences in CLA Isomer Distribution of Cow's Milk Lipids, Lipids 38, 657–664.
Collomb, M., Sieber, R., and Bütikofer, U. (2004) CLA Isomers in Milk Fat from Cows Fed Diets with High Levels of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipids, 39, 355–364.
Nuernberg, K., Nuernberg, G., Ender, K., Lorenz, S., Winkler, K., Rickert, R., and Steinhart H. (2002) n−3 Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids of Longissimus Muscle in Beef Cattle, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 104, 463–471.
Dannenberger, D., Nuernberg, G., Scollan, N., Schabbel, W., Steinhart, H., Ender, K., and Nuernberg, K. (2004) Effect of Diet on the Deposition of n−3 Fatty Acids, Conjugated Linoleic and C18∶1trans Fatty Acid Isomers in Muscle Lipids of German Holstein Bulls, J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 6607–6615.
Rickert, R., Steinhart, H., Fritsche, J., Sehat, N., Yurawecz, M.P., Mossoba, M.M., Roach, J.A.G., Eulitz, K., Ku, Y., and Kramer, J.K. (1999) Enhanced Resolution of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers by Tandem-Column Silver-Ion High Performance Liquid Chromatography, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22, 144–148.
Christie, W.W. (2003) Analysis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid: An Overview, in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research (Sebedio, J.L., Christie, W.W., and Adlof, R.O., eds.), Vol. 2 pp. 1–12, AOCS Press, Champaign.
Cruz-Hernandez, C., Deng, Z., Zhou, J., Hill, A.R., Yurawecz, M.P., Delmonte, P., Mossoba, M., Dugan, M.E.R., and Kramer, J.K.G. (2004) Methods for Analysis of Conjugated Linoleic Acids and trans C18∶1 Isomers in Dairy Fat by Using a Combination of Gas Chromatography, Silver-Ion Thin Layer Chromatography/Gas Chromatography, and Silver-Ion Liquid Chromatography, J. AOAC Intl. 87, 545–562.
Nuernberg, K., Dannenberger, D., Nuernberg, G., Ender, K., Voigt, J., Scollan, N., Wood, J., Nute, G., and Richardson, I. (2005) Effect of a Grass-based and a Concentrate Feeding System on Meat Quality Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus Muscle in Different Cattle Breeds, Livestock Prod. Sci. 94, 137–147.
Dannenberger, D., Nuernberg, K., Nuernberg, G., and Ender, K. (2003) Influence of Feeding on Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Beef, Arch. Tierz. 46, 162.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G.H. (1957) A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissue, J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–509.
Malau-Aduli, A.E.O., Siebert, B.D., Bottema, C.D.K., and Pitchford, W.S. (1997) A Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition of Triacylglycerols in Adipose Tissue from Limousin and Jersey Cattle, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 48, 715–722.
Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A.G., Sehat, N., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Fritsche, J., and Steinhart, H. (1988) A New Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer, 7 trans,9 cis-Octadecadienoic Acid, in Cow Milk, Cheese, Beef, and Human Milk and Adipose Tissue, Lipids 33, 803–809.
Perfield, J.W., Sæbo, A., and Bauman, D.E. (2004) Use of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Enrichments to Examine the Effects of trans-8,cis-10 CLA and cis-11,trans-13 CLA on Milk-Fat Synthesis, J. Dairy Sci. 87, 1196–1202.
Sehat, N., Rickert, R., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Yurawecz, M., Roach, P.J.A., Adlof, R.O., Morehouse, K.M., Fritsche, J., Eulitz, K.D., et al. (1999) Improved Separation of Conjugated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Silver Ion-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Lipids 34, 407–413.
Nuernberg, K., Dannenberger, D., and Ender, K. (2004) Fleisch wertvoller durch Anreicherung mit n−3 Fettsäuren (Meat more Valuable by Accumulation with n−3 Fatty Acids), Ernährungsumschau, 51, 409–413.
French, P., Stanton, C., Lawless, F., O'Riordan, O.G., Monahan, M.J., Caffrey, P.J., and Moloney, A.P. (2000) Fatty Acid Composition, Including Conjugated Linoleic Acid, of Intramuscular Fat from Steers Offered Grazed Grass, Grass Silage, or Concentrate-Based Diets, J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2849–2855.
Enser, M., Scollan, N.D., Choi, N.J., Kurt, E., Hallet, K., and Wood, J.D. (1999) Effect of Dietary Lipid on the Content of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Beef Muscle, Anim. Sci. 69, 143–146.
Scollan, N.D., Choi, N.J., Kurt, E., Fisher, A.V., Enser, M., and Wood, J.D. (2001) Manipulating the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Beef Cattle, Br. J. Nutr. 85, 115–124.
Steen, R.W.J., and Porter, M.G. (2003) The Effects of High-Concentrate Diets and Pasture on the Concentration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Beef Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat, Grass Forage Sci. 58, 50–57.
Poulson, C.S., Dhiman, T.R., Cornforth, D., Olson, K.C., and Walters, J. (2001) Influence of Diet on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Beef, J. Anim. Sci. 79 (Suppl.) 1, 159.
Engle, T.E., and Spears, J.W. (2004) Effect of Finishing System (feedlot or pasture), High-Oil Maize, and Copper on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Muscle of Finishing Steers, Anim. Sci. 78, 261–269.
Griinari, J.M., and Bauman, D.E. (1999) Biosynthesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Its Incorporation into Meat and Milk in Ruminants, in Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research (Yurawecz, M.P., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Pariza, M.W., and Nelson, G.J., eds.), Vol. 1, pp. 180–200, AOCS Press, Champaign.
Piperova, L.S., Sampugna, J., Teter, B.B., Kalscheur, K.F., Yurawecz, M.P., Ku, Y., Morehouse, K.M., and Erdman, R.A. (2002) Duodenal and Milk trans Octadecenoic Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers Indicate That Postabsorptive Synthesis Is the Predominant Source of cis-9-Containing CLA in Lactating Dairy Cows, J. Nutr. 132, 1235–1241.
Ward, R.J., Travers, M.T., Richards, S.E., Vernon, R.G., Salter, A.M., Buttery, P.J., and Barber, M.C. (1998) Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase mRNA Is Transcribed from a Single Gene in the Ovine Genome, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1391, 145–156.
Porter, S.F. (2003) Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Tissues from Beef Cattle Fed Different Lipid Supplements, Master's Thesis, Utah State University, Logan.
Martin, G.S., Lunt, D.K., Britain, K.G., and Smith, S.B. (1999) Postnatal Development of Stearoyl Coenzyme A Desaturase Gene Expression and Adiposity in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, J. Anim. Sci. 77, 630–636.
Fritsche, S., Rumsey, T.S., Yurawecz, M.P., Yuoh, K., and Fritsche, J. (2001) Influence of Growth Promoting Implants on Fatty Acid Composition Including Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Beef Fat, Eur. Food Res. Technol. 212, 621–629.
Piperova, L., Teter, B.B., Bruckental, I., Sampugna, J., Mills, S.E., Yurawecz, M.P., Fritsche, J., Ku, K., and Erdman, R.A. (2000) Mammary Lipogenic Enzyme Activity, trans Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids Are Altered in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed a Milk Fat-Depressing Diet, J. Nutr. 130, 2568–2574.
Dhiman, T.R., Anand, G.R., Satter, L.D., and Pariza, M.W. (1999) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Milk from Cows Fed Different Diets, J. Dairy Sci. 82, 2146–2156.
Chouinard, P.Y., Corneau, L., Butler, W.R., Chillard, Y., Drackley, J.K., and Bauman, D.E. (2001) Effect of Dietary Lipid Sources on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentrations in Milk Fat, J. Dairy Sci. 84, 680–690.
Corl, B.A., Baumgard, L.H., Griinari, J.M., Delmonte, P., Morehouse, K.M., Yurawecz, M.P., and Bauman, D.E. (2002) Trans-7,cis-9 CLA Is Synthesized Endogenously by Δ9-Desaturase in Dairy Cows, Lipids 37, 681–688.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Dannenberger, D., Nuernberg, K., Nuernberg, G. et al. Effect of pasture vs. concentrate diet on CLA isomer distribution in different tissue lipids of beef cattle. Lipids 40, 589–598 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-005-1420-2
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-005-1420-2