Abstract
Seeds of four lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties (Romaine, Augusta, Vista and Verte) differing in their salt sensitivity were sown at 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl. The final germination percentage decreased with the increasing salinity and was annulated at the highest salt concentration in Vista and Verte, the most sensitive varieties. However, in the less sensitive ones, Romaine and Augusta, it was slightly modified at 50 and 100 mM NaCl and then decreased by 50% compared with the control, at 150 mM. The effects of NaCl 100 mM on seedling growth, phytase activities, phytate and inorganic phosphorus contents were studied in Romaine and Vista showing different behaviours towards salinity. Radicle and hypocotyl length and fresh and dry weights were reduced by salt treatment in both varieties. In addition, radicle phytase activity exhibited an increase in Romaine (less sensitive) and a decrease in Vista (more sensitive). In hypocotyl, this activity showed no difference with the control in the two varieties. However, in cotyledons, and during early hours after germination, salinity decreased phytase activity in both varieties whereas in the later hours (72–96 h) this activity reached the value of the control in Romaine. The enhancement of phytase activity was concomitant with an increase in orthophosphate content and a decrease in phytate reserve. These results suggest that salt presence in the medium delays Pi remobilization from phytate stock, but stimulates assimilation of phosphorus more than its accumulation in the organs of the two lettuce varieties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Karaki GN (2001) Germination, sodium and potassium concentrations of barley seeds as influenced by salinity. J Plant Nutr 24:511–522
Almansouri M, Kinet JM, Lutts S (2001) Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant Soil 231:243–254
Beweley JD (1997) Seed germination and dormancy. Plant Cell 9:1055–1066
Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Bioch 72:248–254
Centeno C, Viveros A, Brenes A, Canales R, Lozano A, Cuadra C (2001) Effect of several germination conditions on total P, phytate P, phytase, and acid phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley. J Agric Food Chem 49:3208–3215
Chartzoulakis K, Klapaki G (2000) Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages. Sci Hortic 86:247–260
Dubey RS, Sharma KN (1990) Behaviour of phosphatases in germinating rice in relation to salt tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 28:17–26
Foolad MR, Lin GY (1997) Genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination in Lycopersicon species. Hortic Sci 32:296–300
Gopal GR, Ramaiah JK, Rao GR (1983) Influence of salinity on phytate breakdown and phytase activity in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cotyledons during germination. Natl Acad Sci Lett 6:85–87
Greiner R, Koneitzny U, Jany K (1998) Purification and properties of a phytase from rye. J Food Biochem 22:143–161
Greiner R, Jany KD, Larsson AM (2000) Identification and purification of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases (phytases) from barley (Hordeum vulgare). J Cereal Sci 31:127–139
Hegeman CE, Grabau E (2001) A novel phytase with sequence similarity to purple acid phosphatases is expressed in cotyledons of germinating soybean seedlings. Plant Physiol 126:1598–1608
Houde RL, Alli I, Kermasha S (1990) Purification and characterization of canola seed (Brassica sp.) phytase. J Food Biochem 14:331–351
Huang J, Redman RE (1995) Salt tolerance of Hordeum and Brassica species during germination and early seedling growth. Can J Plant Sci 75:815–819
Jamil M, Rha ES (2004) The effect of salinity (NaCl) on the germination and seedling of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Korean J Plant Res 7:226–232
Jamil M, Deog Bae L, Kwang Yong J, Ashraf M, Sheong Chun L, Eui Shik R (2006) Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetables species. J Cent Eur Agric 7:273–282
Kashem M, Sultana N, Ikeda T, Hori H, Loboda T, Mitsui T (2000) Alteration of starch–sucrose transition in germinating wheat seed under sodium chloride salinity. J Plant Biol 43:121–127
Kebreab E, Murdoch AJ (1999) Modeling the effects of water stress and temperature on germination rate of Orobanche aegyptiaca seeds. J Exp Bot 50(335):655–664
Khan MSA, Hamid A, Karim M (1997) Effects of sodium chloride on germination and seedling characters of different types of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Agro Crop Sci 179:163–169
Kikunaga S, Katoh Y, Takahashi M (1991) Biochemical changes in phosphorus compounds and in the activity of phytase and α-amylase in the rice grain during germination. J Sci Food Agric 56:335–343
Kreps JA, Wu Y, Chang HS, Zhu T, Wang X, Harper JF (2002) Transcriptome changes for Arabidopsis in response to salt, osmotic, and cold stress. Plant Physiol 130:2129–2141
Laboure AM, Gagnon J, Lescure AM (1993) Purification and characterization of a phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases) accumulated in maize (Zea mays) seedlings during germination. Biochem J 295:413–419
Liao H, Wonga FL, Phanga TH, Cheunga MY, Lia WYF, Shaoa G, Yanb X, Lama HM (2003) GmPAP3, a novel purple acid phosphatase-like gene in soybean induced by NaCl stress but not phosphorus deficiency. Gene 318:103–111
Lung SC, Leung A, Kuang R, Wang Y, Leung P, Lim BL (2008) Phytase activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) root exudates is exhibited by a purple acid phosphatase. Phytochemistry 69:365–373
March JG, Villacampa AI, Grases F (1995) Enzymatic-spectrophotometric determination of phytic acid with phytase from Aspergillus ficuum. Analy Chim Acta 300:269–272
Matsui A, Ishida J, Morosawa T, Mochizuki Y, Kaminuma E, Endo TA et al (2008) Arabidopsis transcriptome analysis under drought, cold, high-salinity and ABA treatment conditions using a tiling array. Plant Cell Physiol 49:1135–1149
Maugenest S, Martinez I, Lescure AM (1997) Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a maize seedlings phytase. Biochem J 322:151–157
Mitsuhashi N, Ohnishi M, Sekiguchi Y, Kwon Y, Chang Y, Chung S, Inoue Y, Reid RJ, Yagisawa H, Mimura T (2005) Phytic acid synthesis and vacuolar accumulation in suspension-cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus induced by high concentration of inorganic phosphate and cations. Plant Physiol 138:1607–1614
Ohno T, Zibilske ML (1991) Determination of low concentrations of phosphorus in soil extracts using Malachite green. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55:892–895
Ravindram V, Ravindram G, Sivalogan S (1994) Total and phytate phosphorus contents of various foods and feed-stuffs of plant origin. Food Chem 50:133–136
Stavir K, Gupta KA, Narinder K (1998) Gibberellin A3 reverses the effect of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings by enhancing amylase activity and mobilization of starch in cotyledons. Plant Growth Regul 26:85–90
Suleiman MA, ElTyeb MM, Abbass MA, Ibrahim EEA, Babiker EE, Eltinay AH (2007) Changes in chemical composition, phytate, phytase activity and minerals extractability of sprouted lentil cultivars. J Biol Sci 7:776–780
Sung HG, Shin HT, Ha JK, Lai HL, Cheng KJ, Lee JH (2005) Effect of germination temperature on characteristics of phytase production from barley. Bioresour Technol 96:1297–1303
Welbaum GE, Bradford KJ, Kyu-ock Y, Oluoch MO (1998) Biophysical, physiological and biochemical processes regulating seed germination. Seed Sci Res 8:161–172
Werner JE, Finkelstein RR (1995) Arabidopsis mutants with reduced response to NaCl and osmotic stress. Physiol Plant 93:659–666
Xiao K, Harrison MJ, Wang ZY (2005) Transgenic expression of a novel M. truncatula phytase gene results in improved acquisition of organic phosphorus by Arabidopsis. Planta 222:27–36
Zapata JP, Serrano M, Pretel MT, Amoros AM (2003) Changes in ethylene evolution and polyamines profiles of seedlings of nine cultivars of lettuce in response to salt stress during germination. Plant Sci 164:557–563
Zhu JK (2002) Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 53:247–273
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by F. Corbineau.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nasri, N., Kaddour, R., Rabhi, M. et al. Effect of salinity on germination, phytase activity and phytate content in lettuce seedling. Acta Physiol Plant 33, 935–942 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0625-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0625-4