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Eating Behavior and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Producing Cells in Interposed Ileum and Pancreatic Islets in Rats Subjected to Ileal Interposition Associated with Sleeve Gastrectomy

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Abstract

Background

Ileal interposition–sleeve gastrectomy (II–SG) has been developed as a metabolic surgery based on the hindgut hypothesis. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis by studying the eating behavior, metabolic changes, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing cells in rat models.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to laparotomy, II, SG, or II–SG. Eating behavior and metabolic parameters were monitored by an open-circuit indirect calorimeter designed for a comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system. GLP-1-producing cells were examined by quantitative immunohistochemistry.

Results

After II alone, satiety ratio, i.e., intermeal interval/meal size, was reduced, while calorie intake was increased at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Respiratory exchange ratio, VCO2/VO2, was increased to above 1.0 (i.e., carbohydrate metabolism) during both daytime and nighttime at 2 weeks postoperatively. After SG alone, GLP-1-producing cells were increased in the pancreatic islets (in terms of volume density), but not in the ileum (number/mm). After II–SG, the rate of eating was reduced, while meal duration (min) was increased during both daytime and nighttime at 2 weeks postoperatively. GLP-1-producing cells were increased by about 2.5-fold in the interposed ileum and also increased to the same extent in the pancreatic islets as seen after SG alone. The increased GLP-1-producing cells in the pancreatic islets after SG or II–SG were located around the insulin-producing β cells.

Conclusions

The present study provides evidence supporting the hindgut hypothesis. II–SG increased GLP-1 production both in the interposed ileum and in the pancreatic islets, leading to metabolic beneficial effects and altered eating behavior.

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Acknowledgments

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 266408, the Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority. The authors thank Erik Langørgen and Morten Grønli at the Department of Energy and Process Engineering for assistance with the bomb calorimeter, Shalini Rao at Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, for assistance with Western blot, and Dr. Gjermund Johnsen and Dr. Ronald Mårvik at the Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, for valuable discussions.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Helene Johannessen, Yosuke Kodama, Chun-Mei Zhao, Mirta ML Sousa, Geir Slupphaug, Bård Kulseng and Duan Chen have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Helene Johannessen, Yosuke Kodama, Chun-Mei Zhao, Mirta M L Sousa, Geir Slupphaug, Bård Kulseng & Duan Chen

  2. Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

    Chun-Mei Zhao, Bård Kulseng & Duan Chen

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  1. Helene Johannessen
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  2. Yosuke Kodama
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Correspondence to Duan Chen.

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Johannessen, H., Kodama, Y., Zhao, CM. et al. Eating Behavior and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Producing Cells in Interposed Ileum and Pancreatic Islets in Rats Subjected to Ileal Interposition Associated with Sleeve Gastrectomy. OBES SURG 23, 39–49 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0750-9

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