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Short-Term Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Caloric Restriction on Blood Pressure in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

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Abstract

Background

Sleeve gastrectomy constitutes an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. The aim of the present study was to establish the effects of sleeve gastrectomy and caloric restriction on weight loss and cardiovascular parameters in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats.

Methods

Male Wistar DIO rats were subjected to surgical interventions (n = 30) (sham operation, sleeve gastrectomy, or pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized animals and compared to lean control rats) or dietary interventions (n = 40) (fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet or an ND with a caloric restriction of 25 %). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure values and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious, resting animals by noninvasive tail-cuff plethysmography before and 3 weeks after surgical or dietary interventions.

Results

Both sleeve gastrectomy and caloric restriction induced a reduction in body weight, whole-body adiposity, and serum leptin together with an increased excess weight loss in DIO rats. Sleeve gastrectomy was further associated with an improvement in insulin resistance and the lipid profile, as well as with a reduction in serum ghrelin levels. A decrease in HR and heart weight was observed in caloric-restricted groups. Sleeve-gastrectomized rats not only exhibited a reduction in HR (∆HR = −45 ± 19 bpm) but also in SBP values (∆SBP = −22 ± 10 mmHg) compared to the DIO rats (∆SBP = 14 ± 8 mmHg).

Conclusion

Our findings provide evidence that the beneficial effects of sleeve gastrectomy on blood pressure values are beyond weight loss in rats with diet-induced obesity.

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Abbreviations

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

EWL:

Excess weight loss

HR:

Heart rate

MBP:

Mean blood pressure

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the valuable collaboration of all the staff of the breeding house of the University of Navarra, in particular, to Elena Ciordia and Juan Percaz. This work was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PS09/02330 and PI10/01677) and by Plan de Investigación de la Universidad de Navarra (PIUNA) (2011–2012). CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

Conflict of interests

All contributing authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Amaia Rodríguez, Sara Becerril, Leire Méndez-Giménez, Beatriz Ramírez, Andoni Lancha, Victoria Catalán, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi & Gema Frühbeck

  2. Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Víctor Valentí

  3. Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Rafael Moncada

  4. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

    Gema Frühbeck

  5. Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Marina Martín & María A. Burrell

  6. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain

    Amaia Rodríguez, Sara Becerril, Víctor Valentí, Beatriz Ramírez, María A. Burrell, Victoria Catalán, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi & Gema Frühbeck

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  1. Amaia Rodríguez
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  2. Sara Becerril
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  3. Víctor Valentí
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  7. Andoni Lancha
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  8. Marina Martín
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  9. María A. Burrell
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  10. Victoria Catalán
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  11. Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
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  12. Gema Frühbeck
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gema Frühbeck.

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Rodríguez, A., Becerril, S., Valentí, V. et al. Short-Term Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Caloric Restriction on Blood Pressure in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. OBES SURG 22, 1481–1490 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0702-4

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