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Boride Formation Induced by pcBN Tool Wear in Friction-Stir-Welded Stainless Steels

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Abstract

The wear of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tool and its effect on second phase formation were investigated in stainless steel friction-stir (FS) welds. The nitrogen content and the flow stress were analyzed in these welds to examine pcBN tool wear. The nitrogen content in stir zone (SZ) was found to be higher in the austenitic stainless steel FS welds than in the ferritic and duplex stainless steel welds. The flow stress of austenitic stainless steels was almost 1.5 times larger than that of ferritic and duplex stainless steels. These results suggest that the higher flow stress causes the severe tool wear in austenitic stainless steels, which results in greater nitrogen pickup in austenitic stainless steel FS welds. From the microstructural observation, a possibility was suggested that Cr-rich borides with a crystallographic structure of Cr2B and Cr5B3 formed through the reaction between the increased boron and nitrogen and the matrix during FS welding (FSW).

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  1. LECO is a trademark of LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, MI.

  2. JEOL is a trademark of Japan Electron Optics Ltd., Tokyo.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank Professors K. Ikeda, K. Maruyama, T.W. Nelson, C.D. Sorensen, and Z.J. Wang, for many helpful suggestions and advice, and Mr. A. Honda, Mr. M. Doi, and H. Matsumoto for there technical assistance. Financial support from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for the Promotion of Science with a Grant-in-Aid for Young Researchers and for the Global COE Program in Materials Integration International Center of Education and Research at Tohoku University is gratefully acknowledged.

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Author notes

  1. Seung Hwan C. Park (Postdoctoral Student, Researcher)

    Present address: Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi, 319-1292, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Seung Hwan C. Park (Postdoctoral Student, Researcher), Yutaka S. Sato (Assistance Professor) & Hiroyuki Kokawa (Professor)

  2. Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi, 319-1292, Japan

    Kazutaka Okamoto (Senior Researcher), Satoshi Hirano (Senior Researcher) & Masahisa Inagaki (Chief Researcher)

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  1. Seung Hwan C. Park
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  2. Yutaka S. Sato
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  3. Hiroyuki Kokawa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seung Hwan C. Park.

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Manuscript submitted February 6, 2008.

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Park, S.H.C., Sato, Y.S., Kokawa, H. et al. Boride Formation Induced by pcBN Tool Wear in Friction-Stir-Welded Stainless Steels. Metall Mater Trans A 40, 625–636 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9709-9

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