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Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Modulation of Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Teaching Old Drugs New Tricks?

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Classical evidence in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the animal model of MS, support the relevance of sympatoadrenergic as well as of dopaminergic mechanisms. In MS patients, dysregulation of adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways contribute to the disease in immune system cells as well as in glial cells. Available evidence is summarized and discussed also in the light of the novel role of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline as transmitters in immune cells, providing a conceptual frame to exploit the potential of several dopaminergic and adrenergic agents, already in clinical use for non-immune indications and with a usually favourable risk-benefit profile, as add-on drugs to conventional immunomodulating therapies in MS.

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Acknowledgments

The Authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Italian Foundation for Multiple Sclerosis (FISM, Projects #2002/R/18 and #2003/R/67) and by the United States of America National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS, Pilot Projects PP0791 and PP1255), which contributed to the development of some of the ideas and of the experimental research reviewed in the text.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy

    Marco Cosentino & Franca Marino

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  1. Marco Cosentino
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  2. Franca Marino
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Correspondence to Marco Cosentino.

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Cosentino, M., Marino, F. Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Modulation of Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Teaching Old Drugs New Tricks?. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 8, 163–179 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-012-9410-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-012-9410-z

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