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Transcriptional profile of GTP-mediated differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells

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Abstract

Several purine receptors have been localised on skeletal muscle membranes. Previous data support the hypothesis that extracellular guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) is an important regulatory factor in the development and function of muscle tissue. We have previously described specific extracellular binding sites for GTP on the plasma membrane of mouse skeletal muscle (C2C12) cells. Extracellular GTP induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations that results in membrane hyperpolarisation through Ca2+-activated K+ channels, as has been demonstrated by patch-clamp experiments. This GTP-evoked increase in intracellular Ca2+ is due to release of Ca2+ from intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. This enhances the expression of the myosin heavy chain in these C2C12 myoblasts and commits them to fuse into multinucleated myotubes, probably via a phosphoinositide-3-kinase-dependent signal-transduction mechanism. To define the signalling of extracellular GTP as an enhancer or modulator of myogenesis, we investigated whether the gene-expression profile of differentiated C2C12 cells (4 and 24 h in culture) is affected by extracellular GTP. To investigate the nuclear activity and target genes modulated by GTP, transcriptional profile analysis and real-time PCR were used. We demonstrate that in the early stages of differentiation, GTP up-regulates genes involved in different pathways associated with myogenic processes, including cytoskeleton structure, the respiratory chain, myogenesis, chromatin reorganisation, cell adhesion, and the Jak/Stat pathway, and down-regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. GTP also increases the expression of three genes involved in myogenesis, Pp3ca, Gsk3b, and Pax7. Our data suggests that in the myogenic C2C12 cell line, extracellular GTP acts as a differentiative factor in the induction and sustaining of myogenesis.

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Abbreviations

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

[Ca2+]i :

Intracellular calcium ion concentration

DM:

Standard differentiating medium

GTP:

Guanosine 5′-triphosphate

MRFs:

Myogenic regulatory factors

MyHC:

Myosin heavy chain

SM:

Synthetic differentiating medium

RB2:

Reactive blue 2

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Grants

This study was supported by research grants from MIUR (COFIN 2002) and from “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, to Stefania Fulle and Tiziana Pietrangelo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy

    Rosa Mancinelli, Tiziana Pietrangelo, Giorgio Fanò & Stefania Fulle

  2. Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Chieti, Italy

    Rosa Mancinelli, Tiziana Pietrangelo, Giorgio Fanò & Stefania Fulle

  3. Cellular Physiology Unit, Center for Excellence on Ageing (CeSI), “G. d’Annunzio” Foundation, via Colle dell’Ara, Chieti, Italy

    Rosa Mancinelli & Stefania Fulle

  4. Human Physiology Unit, Center for Excellence on Ageing (CeSI),-Clinical Research Center (CRC), “G. d’Annunzio” Foundation, via Colle dell’Ara, Chieti, Italy

    Tiziana Pietrangelo & Giorgio Fanò

  5. Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK

    Geoffrey Burnstock

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  1. Rosa Mancinelli
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Mancinelli, R., Pietrangelo, T., Burnstock, G. et al. Transcriptional profile of GTP-mediated differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Purinergic Signalling 8, 207–221 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-011-9266-3

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