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Genetic diversity, demographical history and conservation aspects of the endangered yew tree Taxus contorta (syn. Taxus fuana) in Pakistan

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Abstract

The western Himalayan yew (Taxus contorta Griffith, synonym Taxus fuana Nan Li & R.R. Mill), one of the highly prized tree species for its anticancer properties, is experiencing severe reduction in populations across its range in Pakistan. We examined a chloroplast DNA region (trnL-F) and ten nuclear microsatellite loci variations among seven populations to investigate the levels of genetic diversity and reconstruct the demographic history of T. contorta in Pakistan. A low haplotype diversity (H T = 0.182), moderate level of microsatellite diversity (H E = 0.541 ± 0.034), significant population differentiation (F ST = 0.107) and high level of inbreeding (F IS = 0.219–0.418) characterized this species. Results of an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), mismatch distribution analysis, neutrality tests and data on glacial chronologies of the western Himalaya indicated a historic demographic expansion of T. contorta populations from small ancestral populations. This expansion is estimated to have occurred at least 37.5 thousand years ago (kya) during the late Pleistocene. An unprecedented level of habitat disturbance over the last few decades, coupled with the highly variable climate may have played an important role in shaping the genetic structure of the extant T. contorta populations. We have discussed a range of sustainable management measures for the ecological restoration of remnant populations as well as for a sustainable exploitation of this plant of high economic potential.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Jie Liu, Jun-BoYang, Hong-Tao Li, Wei Jiang and Santiago C. González-Martínez for their help. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their very constructive comments. This study was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954100), Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L07) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370252, 30700042). The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services division (RESAS) in the Scottish Government.

Data archiving statement

Chloroplast DNA trnL-F sequences have been submitted to GenBank. Microsatellite data is available from the Dryad Digital Repository: http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3gq01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China

    Ram C. Poudel, Michael Möller, De-Zhu Li & Lian-Ming Gao

  2. Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China

    Ram C. Poudel & De-Zhu Li

  3. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK

    Ram C. Poudel & Michael Möller

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan

    Amin Shah

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  1. Ram C. Poudel
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  2. Michael Möller
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  3. De-Zhu Li
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  4. Amin Shah
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Correspondence to De-Zhu Li or Lian-Ming Gao.

Additional information

Communicated by S. C. González-Martínez

Supplementary information (online resources)

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Table S1

(Online resource). Priors for the ABC modelling. (DOCX 21 kb)

Table S2

(Online resource). Locus-wise genetic statistics estimated for the seven populations of Taxus contorta from Pakistan analyzed. (DOC 65 kb)

Table S3

(Online resource). Type I and type II error probabilities for each of the four scenarios estimated under the ABC approach (DOCX 17 kb)

Table S4

(Online resource). Model checking performed under the ABC approach for the four demographic scenarios. (DOCX 17 kb)

Table S5

(Online resource). Marginal posterior distributions for the demographic parameters and estimates of bias and precision of the best supported demographic scenario 1 under the ABC approach. (DOCX 21 kb)

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Poudel, R.C., Möller, M., Li, DZ. et al. Genetic diversity, demographical history and conservation aspects of the endangered yew tree Taxus contorta (syn. Taxus fuana) in Pakistan. Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, 653–665 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0711-7

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