Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Classification of the high-Andean Polylepis forests in Bolivia

  • Published:
Plant Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work investigates the Polylepis-dominated forests in the high Andes of central and southern Bolivia, using both the Braun-Blanquet approach and multivariate analysis. These are among the highest altitude forest types in the world, and the region under study is a center of diversity for the genus, and is located at the confluence of four biogeographical provinces. Nine main plant communities were distinguished. Correspondence Analysis revealed a strong dependence of community composition primarily on biogeographic as well as on bioclimatic features. The greatest forest type diversity is found in the central part of the Cordillera Oriental in the Tropical pluviseasonal bioclimate, within a Supratropical thermotype and a Subhumid ombrotype.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • J. Amigo C. Ramírez (1998) ArticleTitleA bioclimatic classification of Chile: woodland communities in the temperate zone Plant Ecology 136 9–26 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1009714201917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bastian E. 1986. Grundzüge der Vegetationsdegradierung in Südost-Bolivien. In: Buchholz H.J. (ed.), Bolivien:Beiträge zur physischen Geographie eines Andenstaates. Jahrb. Geogr. Ges. Hannover 1985: 23–67

  • G. Bitter (1911) ArticleTitleRevision der Gattung Polylepis Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45 564–656

    Google Scholar 

  • E.O. Box (1981) Macroclimate and Plant Forms: an introduction to predictive modeling in Phytogeography, [Tasks for Vegetation Science, vol. 1]. Dr Junk Publishers The Hague, The Netherlands 258

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Brako J.L. Zarucchi (1993) ArticleTitleCatalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Perú Monogr. Syst. Bot. Gard. 45 1–1286

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Braun-Blanquet (1964) Pflanzensoziologie Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde EditionNumber3 Springer-Verlag Vienna, New York, New York, USA 865

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Cabido A. Acosta (1985) ArticleTitleEstudio fitosociológico en bosques de Polylepis australis Bitter (‘Tabaquillo’) en las sierras de Córdoba, Argentina Documents Phytosociologiques 9 388–400

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Cárdenas (1958) Formaciones Fitogeográficas de Bolivia Editorial Los Amigos del Libro Cochabamba Bolivia

    Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Chepstow-Lusty K.D. Bennet J. Fjeldsä W. Galiano A.T. Herrera (1998) ArticleTitleTracing 4000 years of environment history in the Cuzco area, Peru from the pollen record Mountain Research and Development 18 159–172

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Ellenberg D. Mueller-Dombois (1967a) ArticleTitleA key to Raunkier plant life forms with revised subdivisions Ber. Geobot. Inst. Rübel 37 56–73

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Ellenberg D. Mueller-Dombois (1967b) ArticleTitleTentative physiog-nomic-ecological classification of plant formations of the Earth Ber. Geobot. Inst. Rübel 37 21–55

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Fernández (1970) ArticleTitlePolylepis tomentella y su orogenia reciente Bol. Soc. Geo. Arg. 13 15–30

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Fernández (1997) ArticleTitleEstudio fitosociológico de los bosques de kewiña (Polylepis spp., Rosaceae) en la Cordillera de Cochabamba Rev. Bol. de Ecol 2 49–65

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Fjeldså M. Kessler (1996) Conserving the Biological Diversity of Polylepis Woodlands of the Highland of Perú and Bolivia. A Contribution to Sustainable Natural Resource Management in the Andes NORDECO Copenhagen, Denmark 250

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Hensen (1995) ArticleTitleDie Vegetation von Polylepis-Wäldern der Ostkordillere Boliviens Phytocenologia 25 235–277

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Hueck (1966) Die Wälder Südamerikas. Ökologie, Zusammensetzung und wirtschafliche Bedeutung Vegetations Monographien Bd. II. Stuttgart, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Hueck P. Seibert (1972) Vegetationskarte von Südamerika G. Fischer-Verlag Stuttgart, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Jordan (1980) ArticleTitleDas durch Wärmemangel und Trockenheit begrenzteAuftreten von Polylepis am Sajama Boliviens mit dem Öchsten Polylepis-Gebüschvorkommen der Erde. Deutsch Geographentag 42 303–305

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Jordan (1983) ArticleTitleDie Verbreitung von Polylepis-Beständen in der Westkordillere Boliviens Tuexenia 3 101–112

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kessler (1993) Systematik und Okologie der Gattung Polylepis (R. and P.) in Bolivien Diplomarbeit, Syst.-Geobot. Inst. Univ Gottingen, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kessler (1995a) ArticleTitleThe genus Polylepis (Rosaceae) in Bolivia Candollea 50 131–171

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kessler (1995b) Polylepis-Walder Boliviens: Taxa, Okologie, Verbreitung und Geschichte Dissertationes Botanicae Band 246 Berlin-Stuttgart, Germany 303

    Google Scholar 

  • C.M. Liberman (1986) ArticleTitleMicroclima y distribución de Polylepis tarapacana en el Parque Nacional del Nevado Sajama, Bolivia Doc. Phytosociol 10 235–272

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Mercado (1998) ArticleTitleVegetación de la Ceja de Monte yungueña en el Parque Nacional Carrasco (Cochabamba-Bolivia) Rev. Bol. Ecol. 4 55–75

    Google Scholar 

  • D.J. Mabberley (1993) The Plant-Book, a Portable Dictionary of the Higher Plants Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyagawa M. 1975. Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und Anatomie der bolivianischen Polylepis-Arten (Familie: Rosaceae). Diploma thesis, Univ. Heidelberg. Germany.

  • L. Mucina E. Maarel Particlevan der (1989) ArticleTitleTwenty years of numercial syntaxonomy Vegetatio 81 1–15 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00045509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Mueller-Dombois H. Ellenberg (1974) Aims and methods of vegetation ecology Wiley and Sons New York, New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Navarro (1997) ArticleTitleContribución a la clasificación ecológica y florística de los bosques de Bolivia Rev. Bol. Ecol. 2 3–37

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Navarro (1999) ArticleTitleAproximación a la tipificación biogeográficoecológica de los sistemas acuáticos y palustres de Bolivia Rev. Bol. Ecol. 6 95–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Navarro G. and Maldonado M. 2002. Geografía ecológica de olivia. Vegetación y ambientes acuáticos. Ed. Centro de Ecología Simón I. Patiño, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 719 p.

  • J. Podani (1989) ArticleTitleNew combinatorial clustering methods Vegetatio 81 61–77 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00045513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Podani (1993) Syn-tax-pc. Computer Programs for Multivariate Data Analysis in Ecology and SystematicsVersion 5.0. Scientia Publishing Budapest, Hungary

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivas-Martínez S. 1993. Bases para una nueva clasificación bioclimática de la Tierra. Folia Geobotanica Matritensis 10: 23 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Rivas-Martínez D. Sánchez-Mata M. Costa (1999) ArticleTitleNorth American Boreal and Western Temperate Forest Vegetation Itinera Geobot 12 5–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche M.A. (1993). El Clima de Bolivia. In: Seminario sobre el PHICAB., Roche M.A., Bourges J., Salas J., Diaz C. (eds). La Paz, Nov.1992, Bolivia. pp. 81-93

  • P. Seibert X. Menhofer (1991) ArticleTitleDie Vegetation des Wohngebietes der Kallawaya und des Hochlandes von Ulla-Ulla in den bolivianischen Anden, I. Phytocoenologia 20 IssueID2 145–276

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Seibert X. Menhofer (1992) ArticleTitleDie Vegetation des Wohngebietes der Kallawaya und des Hochlandes von Ulla-Ulla in den bolivianischen Anden, II Phytocoenologia 20 IssueID(2 289–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson B.B. 1979. A revisión of the genus Polylepis (Rosaceae: Sanguisorbeae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 43.

  • B.B Simpson (1986) Speciation and specialization of Polylepis in the Andes F. Vuillemier M. Monasterio (Eds) High Altitude Tropical Biogeography Oxford University Press New York, New York, USA 304–315

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Sneath R. Sokal (1973) Numerical taxonomy Freeman San Francisco, California, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Suarez R., (ed.) (2000). Compendio de Geología de Bolivia. Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos 18(1-2). Cochabamba, Bolivia, 214 pp.

  • S. Teillier (1998) ArticleTitleFlora y vegetación alto-andina del área de Collaguasi - Salar de Coposa, Andes del norte de Chile Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 71 313–329

    Google Scholar 

  • C.J.F. ter Braak (1985) ArticleTitleCorrespondence Analysis of incidence and abundance data: properties in terms of a unimodal response model Biometrics 41 859–873

    Google Scholar 

  • C.J.F. ter Braak P. Š milauer (1998) CANOCO reference manual and user’s guide to CANOCO for windows: software for canonical community ordination (version 4. 0). Microcomputer Power Ithaca New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Troll (1968) The Cordilleras of the tropical Americas, aspects of Climatic, Phytogeographical and Agrarian Ecology C. Troll (Eds) Geo-Ecology of the Mountainous Regions of the Tropical Americas Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag Bonn, Germany 15–56

    Google Scholar 

  • O. Unzueta (1975) Mapa Ecológico de Bolivia Memoria explicativa. Ministerio de Agricultura y Asuntos Campesinos La Paz, Bolivia

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Maarel Particlevan der (1979) ArticleTitleTransformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity Vegetatio 39 97–114 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00052021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Weberbauer (1945) El mundo vegetal de los Andes peruanos Ministerio de Agricultura Lima Peru 776

    Google Scholar 

  • H.A. Weddell (1861) Chloris Andina Vol. 2. Bertrand Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Westhoff E. der Maarel Particlevan (1978) The Braun-Blanquet approach R.H. Whittaker (Eds) Classification of plant-commu-nities Dr. Junk Publishers The Hague, The Netherlands 287–399

    Google Scholar 

  • R.H Whittaker (1975) Communities and Ecosystems MacMillan Publ. New York, New York, USA 387

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Zuloaga . Morrone O. (Eds) (1999) Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina ␣ ␣

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuloaga F., Morrone O. (eds), 1999. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina. Missouri Botanical Garden, USA. pp. 668–669

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cochabamba, Bolivia

    Gonzalo Navarro

  2. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain

    José A. Molina

  3. Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia

    Nelly De la Barra

Authors
  1. Gonzalo Navarro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. José A. Molina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nelly De la Barra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José A. Molina.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Navarro, G., Molina, J.A. & Barra, N.D.l. Classification of the high-Andean Polylepis forests in Bolivia. Plant Ecol 176, 113–130 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-004-0025-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-004-0025-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation