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Vitamin D and cardiovascular risk

  • Nephrology - Review
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Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency results in abnormal mineralization of bones and has resulted in prevention programs for children with supplementation when they are breast fed. Further activities of vitamin D relate to defence of microbial infections, e.g. tuberculosis, prevention of cancer, contractility of muscle cells and counteraction of congestive heart failure. Given early reports in the 1960s on deleterious effects of vitamin D supplementation in rodents, that is ectopic media ossification of arterial vessels, a pro-atherogenic function had been anticipated for humans as well. However, cross-sectional studies reveal that vitamin D deficiency in humans is associated with elevated blood pressure and propagation of atherogenesis. These contradictory findings on the progression of atherosclerosis may be reconciled by dissecting the activation mechanism(s) of vitamin D in rodents versus humans. Notably, novel findings convincingly indicate that vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation in adults may be regarded as simple means with few potential side effects to prevent atherogenesis or halt its progression and combat arterial hypertension. Adjustment of vitamin D dosing regimens is required in patients with chronic kidney disease; however, prospective clinical trials are urgently needed to guide these recommendations with evidence.

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Acknowledgement

Work of PRM is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB542, TRR57, SFB854).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension & Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany

    P. R. Mertens & R. Müller

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  1. P. R. Mertens
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  2. R. Müller
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Correspondence to P. R. Mertens.

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Mertens, P.R., Müller, R. Vitamin D and cardiovascular risk. Int Urol Nephrol 42, 165–171 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-009-9685-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-009-9685-z

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