Abstract
The Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer (EPPS) package on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury is composed of two sensors, the Energetic Particle Spectrometer (EPS) and the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS). EPS measures the energy, angular, and compositional distributions of the high-energy components of the in situ electrons (>20 keV) and ions (>5 keV/nucleon), while FIPS measures the energy, angular, and compositional distributions of the low-energy components of the ion distributions (<50 eV/charge to 20 keV/charge). Both EPS and FIPS have very small footprints, and their combined mass (∼3 kg) is significantly lower than that of comparable instruments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B.J. Anderson et al., Space Sci. Rev. (2007, this issue). doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9246-7
T.A. Bida, R.M. Killen, T.H. Morgan, Nature 404, 159–161 (2000)
S.P. Christon, in The Astronomy and Astrophysics Encyclopedia, ed. by S.P. Maran (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 427–430
S.P. Christon, S.F. Daly, J.H. Eraker, M.A. Perkins, J.A. Simpson, A.J. Tuzzolino, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4277–4288 (1979)
S.P. Christon, J. Feynman, J.A. Slavin, in Magnetotail Physics, ed. by A.T.Y. Lui (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1987), pp. 393–400
J.E.P. Connerney, N.F. Ness, in Mercury, ed. by F. Vilas, C.R. Chapman, M.S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1988), pp. 494–513
G. Gloeckler, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3613–3620 (1990)
G. Gloeckler, K.C. Hsieh, Nucl. Instrum. Methoods 165, 537–544 (1979)
D.M. Hunten, T.H. Morgan, D.E. Shemansky, in Mercury, ed. by F. Vilas, C.R. Chapman, M.S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1988), pp. 562–612
W.-H. Ip, Astrophys. J. 356, 675–681 (1990)
K. Kabin, T.I. Gombosi, D.L. DeZeeuw, K.G. Powell, Icarus 143, 397–406 (2000)
P.L. Koehn, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2002, 183 pp
J.C. Leary et al., Space Sci. Rev. (2007, this issue). doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9269-0
C. Martin, P. Jelinsky, M. Lampton, R.F. Malina, H.O. Anger, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 1067–1074 (1981)
B.H. Mauk, C.-I. Meng, in Solar System Plasma Physics, ed. by J.H. Waite, J.L. Burch, R.L. Moore. Geophysical Monograph, vol. 54 (American Geophysical Union, Washington, 1989), pp. 319–332
B.H. Mauk, D.J. Williams, R.W. McEntire, K.K. Khurana, J.G. Roederer, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 22759–22778 (1999)
W.E. McClintock, M.R. Lankton, Space Sci. Rev. (2007, this issue). doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9264-5
A.E. Potter, T.H. Morgan, Icarus 71, 472–477 (1987)
C.T. Russell, D.N. Baker, J.A. Slavin, in Mercury, ed. by F. Vilas, C.R. Chapman, M.S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1988), pp. 514–561
B. Schubert, M.N. Ross, D.J. Stevenson, T. Spohn, in Mercury, ed. by F. Vilas, C.R. Chapman, M.S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1988), pp. 429–460
R. Schwenn, in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere I, ed. by R. Schwenn, E. Marsch (Springer, Berlin, 1990), pp. 99–182
M.A. Slade, B.J. Butler, D.O. Muhleman, Science 258, 635–640 (1992)
S.C. Solomon et al., Planet. Space Sci. 49, 1445–1465 (2001)
A.L. Sprague, D.M. Hunten, K. Lodders, Icarus 118, 211–215 (1995)
A.R. Vasavada, D.A. Paige, S.E. Wood, Icarus 141, 179–193 (1999)
D.J. Williams et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2163–2166 (1997)
T.H. Zurbuchen, G. Gloeckler, J.C. Cain, S.E. Lasley, W. Shanks, in Conference on Missions to the Sun II, ed. by C.M. Korendyke. Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, Wash., vol. 3442, 1998, pp. 217–224
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andrews, G.B., Zurbuchen, T.H., Mauk, B.H. et al. The Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer Instrument on the MESSENGER Spacecraft. Space Sci Rev 131, 523–556 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9272-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9272-5