Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Determining Factors in Innovation of Small Firm Networks: A case of Cross Industry Groups in Japan

  • Published:
Small Business Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We examine the relationship between network characteristics and innovation under different phases of innovation. Based on micro data of cross industry groups, small firm networks for knowledge sharing and R&D cooperation, we show that close-knit networks, represented as dense communication and a high level of commitment among members, are correlated with initiating joint product development. Furthermore, the results show that establishing contact with external sources of knowledge such as public research institutes is important to achieve technical success in innovation. Lastly, engaging in cooperative activities in sales is correlated with commercial success in innovation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Z. Acs D. Audretsch M. Feldman (1994) ArticleTitle‘R&D Spillovers and Recipient Firm Size’ Review of Economics and Statistics 76 336–340 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2109888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Ahuja (2000) ArticleTitle‘Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes and Innovation: a Longitudinal Study’ Administrative Science Quarterly 45 425–455 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2667105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Audretsch M. Vivarelli (1996) ArticleTitle‘Firms Size and R&D Spillovers: Evidence from Italy’ Small Business Economics 8 249–258 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00388651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Baum T. Calabrese B. Silverman (2000) ArticleTitle‘Don’t Go it Alone: Alliance Network Composition and Startups’ Performance in Canadian Biotechnology’ Strategic Management Journal 21 267–294 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<267::AID-SMJ89>3.0.CO;2-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Beise H. Stahl (1999) ArticleTitle‘Public Research and Industrial Innovations in Germany’ Research Policy 28 397–422 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00126-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Branstetter M. Sakakibara (2002) ArticleTitle‘When do Research Consortia Work Well and Why? Evidence from Japanese Panel Data’ American Economic Review 92 143–159 Occurrence Handle10.1257/000282802760015649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Burt (1988) ArticleTitle‘The stability of American Markets’ American Journal of Sociology 94 356–395 Occurrence Handle10.1086/228995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Burt (1992) Structural Holes Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Cohen D. Levinthal (1990) ArticleTitle‘Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation’ Administrative Science Quarterly 35 128–152 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2393553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Coleman (1988) ArticleTitle‘Social Capital in the Creation of Social Capital’ American Journal of Sociology 94 95–120 Occurrence Handle10.1086/229033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Coleman (1990) Foundation of Social Theory Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Dyer K. Nobeoka (2000) ArticleTitle‘Creating and Managing a High-Performance Knowledge-Sharing Network: the Toyota Case’ Strategic Management Journal 21 345–367 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<345::AID-SMJ96>3.0.CO;2-N

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Elfring W. Hulsink (2003) ArticleTitle‘Networks in Entrepreneurship: The Case of High-Technology Firms’ Small Business Economics 21 409–422 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1026180418357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Godoe (2000) ArticleTitle‘Innovation Regimes, R&D and Radical Innovations in Telecommunications’ Research Policy 29 1033–1046 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00051-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Grabher (1993) The weakness of Strong Ties: The Lock in of Regional Development in the Ruhr Area G. Grabher (Eds) The embedded firm Routledge London

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Granovetter (1973) ArticleTitle‘The Strength of Weak Ties’ American Journal of Sociology 78 1360–1380 Occurrence Handle10.1086/225469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Granovetter (1985) ArticleTitle‘Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness’ American Journal of Sociology 91 481–510 Occurrence Handle10.1086/228311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Hansen (1999) ArticleTitle‘The Search-Transfer Problem: the Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge Across Organizational Units’ Administrative Science Quarterly 44 IssueID1 82–111 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2667032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Harary R. Z. Norman D. Cartwright (1965) Structural Models: An Introduction to the Theory of Directed Graphs John Wiley and Sons New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Hite W. Hesterly (2001) ArticleTitle‘The Evolution of Firm Networks: From Emergence to Early Growth of the Firm’ Strategic Management Journal 22 275–286 Occurrence Handle10.1002/smj.156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Holmstrom P. Milgrom (1994) ArticleTitle‘The Firm as an Incentive System’ American Economic Review 84 972–991

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Irwin P. Klenow (1996) ArticleTitle‘High-tech R&D Subsidies: Estimating the Effects of Sematech’ Journal of International Economics 40 323–344 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-1996(95)01408-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Inkpen J. Ross (2001) ArticleTitle‘Why do some Strategic Alliances Persist Beyond their Useful Life?’ California Management Review 44 132–148

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Izushi (2003) ArticleTitle‘Impact of the Length of Relationships Upon the use of Research Institutes by SMEs’ Research Policy 32 771–788 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00085-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Kale H. Singh H. Perlmutter (2000) ArticleTitle‘Learning and Protection of Proprietary Assets in Strategic Affiances: Building Relational Capital’ Strategic Management Journal 21 217–237 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<217::AID-SMJ95>3.0.CO;2-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Kogut (2000) ArticleTitle‘The Network as Knowledge: Generative Rules and the Emergence of Structure’ Strategic Management Journal 21 405–425 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<405::AID-SMJ103>3.0.CO;2-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Krachhardt (1992) The Strength of Strong Tie: The Importance of Philos in Organizations N. Nohria R.G. Eccles (Eds) Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action Harvard Business School Press Cambridge, MA 216–239

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Link J. Rees (1990) ArticleTitle‘Firm Size, University Based Research, and the Returns to R&D’ Small Business Economics 2 25–31 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00389891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. March (1991) ArticleTitle‘Exploitation and Exploration in Organizational Learning’ Organization Science 2 71–87 Occurrence Handle10.1287/orsc.2.1.71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Mowery J. Oxley B. Silverman (1998) ArticleTitle‘Technological Overlap and Interfirm Cooperation: Implications for the Resource-based View of the Firm’ Research Policy 27 507–523 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00066-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Nakamura M. Shaver B. Yeung (1996) ArticleTitle‘An Empirical Investigation of Joint Venture Dynamics’ International Journal of Industrial Organization 14 521–541 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0167-7187(95)00508-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okamuro, H., 2004, ‘Determinants of Successful R&D Cooperation of the Japanese Small Business: Impact of Organizational and Contractual Characteristics’, COE/RES Discussion Paper No 39

  • R. Piergiovanni E. Santarelli M. Vivarelli (1997) ArticleTitle‘From Which Source do Small Firms Derive their Innovative Inputs?: some evidence from Italian Industry’ Review of Industrial Organization 12 243–258 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1007781501147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Portes J. Sensenbrenner (1993) ArticleTitle‘Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action’ American Journal of Sociology 98 1320–1350 Occurrence Handle10.1086/230191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W. Powell K. Koput L. Smith-Doerr (1996) ArticleTitle‘Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation Networks of Learning in Biotechnology’ Administrative Science Quarterly 41 116–145 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2393988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W. Powell W. Koput L. Smith-Doerr J. Owen-Smith (1999) Network Position and Firm Performance S. Bacharach (Eds) Research in the Sociology of Organizations NumberInSeries vol. 16 JAI Press London 129–159

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Powell D. R. White W. Koput J. Owen-Smith (2005) ArticleTitle‘Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences’ American Journal of Sociology 110 IssueID4 1132–1205 Occurrence Handle10.1086/421508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Romjin M. Albaladejo (2002) ArticleTitle‘Determinants of Innovation Capability in Small Electronics and Software Firms’ Research Policy 31 1053–1067 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00176-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Rothaermel D. Deeds (2004) ArticleTitle‘Exploration and Exploitation Alliances in Biotechnology: A System of New Product Development’ Strategic Management Journal 25 201–221 Occurrence Handle10.1002/smj.376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Rowley D. Beharens D. Krackhardt (2000) ArticleTitle‘Redundant Governance Structures: An Analysis of Structural and Relational Embeddedness in the Steel and Semiconductor Industries’ Strategic Management Journal 21 369–389 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<369::AID-SMJ93>3.0.CO;2-M

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Ruef (2002) ArticleTitle‘Strong Ties, Weak Ties, and Islands: Structural and Cultural Predictors of Organizational Innovation’ Industrial and Corporate Change 11–3 427–449 Occurrence Handle10.1093/icc/11.3.427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Sakakibara (1997) ArticleTitle‘Heterogeneity of Firm Capabilities and Cooperative Research and Development: An Empirical Examination of Motives’ Strategic Management Journal 18 143–164 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199707)18:1+<143::AID-SMJ927>3.3.CO;2-P

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Sakakibara (2001) ArticleTitle‘The Diversity of R&D Consortia and Firm Behavior : Evidence from Japanese Data’ Journal of Industrial Economics 49 181–196 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1467-6451.00145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Sakakibara L. Branstetter (2003) ArticleTitle‘Measuring the Impact of US Research Consortia’ Managerial and Decision Economics 24 51–69 Occurrence Handle10.1002/mde.1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Shane D. Cable (2002) ArticleTitle‘Network Ties, Reputation, and the Financing of New Ventures’ Management Science 48–3 364–381 Occurrence Handle10.1287/mnsc.48.3.364.7731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameSmall and Medium Enterprise Agency (1981) White Paper on SME Small and Medium Enterprise Agency Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Uzzi (1996) ArticleTitle‘The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect’ American Sociological Review 61 IssueID4 674–698 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2096399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Uzzi (1997) ArticleTitle‘Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness’ Administrative Science Quarterly 42 IssueID1 35–67 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2393808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Weaver P. Dickson (1998) ArticleTitle‘Outcome Quality of Small- to Medium-Sized Enterprise-Based Alliances: The Role of Perceived Partner Behaviors’ Journal of Business Venturing 13 505–522 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00050-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nobuya Fukugawa.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fukugawa, N. Determining Factors in Innovation of Small Firm Networks: A case of Cross Industry Groups in Japan. Small Bus Econ 27, 181–193 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-0010-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-0010-2

Keywords

Navigation