Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Treatment related problems for outpatients with chronic diseases in Jordan: the value of home medication reviews

  • Research Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background Research conducted in Jordan has shown that suboptimal use of medications by outpatients along with the suboptimal role played by community pharmacists is currently a big dilemma highlighting the need for the Home Medication Review (HMR) service in the country. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and types of treatment related problems (TRPs) for outpatients with chronic diseases. Setting Patient interview was conducted at the patients’ community pharmacy initially, then at their home to collect required data. Methods 167 patients with chronic conditions (mean age 58.9 ± 13.54, 53 % males) were recruited. Data collected by the graduate pharmacists to conduct a HMR included patient’s demographics, income, laboratory data, medical history, medication record, and adherence. A HMR was conducted for each patient by the researchers (experienced clinical pharmacists) to identify the patients’ TRPs based on published literature. A focus group interview was conducted to elicit information regarding the feasibility of the HMR process and acceptability of the patient to the service. Main outcome measure Prevalence and nature of identified TRPs, associated diseases and drugs, and patients’ acceptability to the HMR service. Results The mean number of disease conditions per patient was 4.1 ± 1.7, and the mean number of medications taken by each patient was 8.1 ± 2.7. HMR results showed a mean number of TRPs per patient of 7.4 ± 2.8. TRPs prevalence: 34.7 % of patients were found to have unnecessary drug therapy; 68.3 % had untreated conditions, and 74.9 % had ineffective/incomplete drug therapy; 50.3 % had inappropriate dosage regimen; 10.2 % were found to have actual adverse drug effects. A significant correlation between the number of TRPs and the number of disease states the patient had (r = 0.311, p = 0.003; Pearson correlation) and the number of drugs the patient was taking (r = 0.443, p < 0.001) was found. Patients accepted the HMR service well including the home visiting part. Conclusion TRPs in Jordanian outpatients with chronic diseases visiting community pharmacies are of concern and this signifies the integral role of pharmacists to identify these TRPs and hence provide the HMR service in the country.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Patel P, Zed PJ. Drug-related visits to the emergency department: how big is the problem? Pharmacotherapy. 2002;22(7):915–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stafford AC, Tenni PC, Peterson GM, Jackson SL, Hejlesen A, Villesen C, et al. Drug-related problems identified in medication reviews by Australian pharmacists. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(2):216–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. PCNE Working group on drug-related problems 2009. Available at: http://www.pcne.org/sig/drp/drug-related-problems.php. Accessed on February, 2012.

  4. Ernst FR, Grizzle AJ. Drug-related morbidity and mortality: updating the cost-of-illness model. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2001;41(2):192–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ramalho de Oliveira D, Brummel AR, Miller DB. Medication therapy management: 10 years of experience in a large integrated health care system. J Manag Care Pharm. 2010;16(3):185–195.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Westerlund T, Marklund B. Assessment of the clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacy interventions in drug-related problems. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2009;34(3):319–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wazaify M, Al-Bsoul-Younes A, Abu-Gharbieh E, Tahaineh L. Societal perspectives on the role of community pharmacists and over-the-counter drugs in Jordan. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30(6):884–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Otoom SA, Sequeira RP. Health care providers’ perceptions of the problems and causes of irrational use of drugs in two Middle East countries. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60(5):565–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Otoom S, Batieha A, Hadidi H, Hasan M, Al-Saudi K. Evaluation of drug use in Jordan using WHO patient care and health facility indicators. East Mediterr Health J. 2002;8(4–5):544–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wazaify M, Maani M, Ball D. Drug information resources at community pharmacies in Amman, Jordan. Int J Pharm Pract. 2009;17(3):151–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. AbuRuz SM, Bulatova NR, Yousef AM. Validation of a comprehensive classification tool for treatment-related problems. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28(4):222–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Aburuz SM, Bulatova NR, Yousef AM, Al-Ghazawi MA, Alawwa IA, Al-Saleh A. Comprehensive assessment of treatment related problems in hospitalized medicine patients in Jordan. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33(3):501–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Australian Government Medicare Australia http://www.medicareaustralia.gov.au/provider/pbs/fifth-agreement/residential-medication-management-review.jsp. Accessed February 2012.

  14. Roughead EE, Barratt JD, Gilbert AL. Medication-related problems commonly occurring in an Australian community setting. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(2):83–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM. Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Med Care. 1986;24(1):67–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. de Lyra DP, Kheir N, Abriata JP, da Rocha CE, Dos Santos CB, Pela IR. Impact of pharmaceutical care interventions in the identification and resolution of drug-related problems and on quality of life in a group of elderly outpatients in Ribeirao Preto (SP), Brazil. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007;3(6):989–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gilbert AL, Roughead EE, Beilby J, Mott K, Barratt JD. Collaborative medication management services: improving patient care. Med J Aust. 2002;177(4):189–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gurwitz JH, Rochon P. Improving the quality of medication use in elderly patients: a not-so-simple prescription. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(15):1670–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chan DC, Chen JH, Kuo HK, We CJ, Lu IS, Chiu LS, et al. Drug-related problems (DRPs) identified from geriatric medication safety review clinics. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(1):168–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rao D, Gilbert A, Strand LM, Cipolle RJ. Drug therapy problems found in ambulatory patient populations in Minnesota and South Australia. Pharm World Sci. 2007;29(6):647–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yusuff KB, Tayo F. Frequency, types and severity of medication use-related problems among medical outpatients in Nigeria. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33(3):558–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Osamor PE, Owumi BE. Factors associated with treatment compliance in hypertension in southwest Nigeria. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(6):619–628.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Basheti IA, Qunaibi EA, Bulatova NR, Saleh S, Shanah A, Hamadi S, Eman A. Patients’ perspective of the role of community pharmacists in Amman, Jordan. In: Proceedings of the 17th international social pharmacy workshop (ISPW), 23–26 July 2012; Phuket, Thailand.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all patients who participated in this study and acknowledge all pharmacy students who participated in data collection. We acknowledge Dr Betty Chaar for her review of the manuscript, and the research assistant, pharmacist Hadeel Hdaib.

Funding

This study was funded by the University of Applied Sciences, Amman, Jordan.

Conflicts of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences University, Amman, Jordan

    Iman A. Basheti & Eyad A. Qunaibi

  2. Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Nailya R. Bulatova & Salah AbuRuz

  3. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Isra University, Amman, Jordan

    Sundos Samara

Authors
  1. Iman A. Basheti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eyad A. Qunaibi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nailya R. Bulatova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sundos Samara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Salah AbuRuz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iman A. Basheti.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Basheti, I.A., Qunaibi, E.A., Bulatova, N.R. et al. Treatment related problems for outpatients with chronic diseases in Jordan: the value of home medication reviews. Int J Clin Pharm 35, 92–100 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9713-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9713-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation