Skip to main content
Log in

Trichophyton erinacei Infection from a Hedgehog: A Case Report from Taiwan

  • Published:
Mycopathologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Trichophyton erinacei is a fungus affecting hedgehogs. As these animals have become popular as exotic pets, human infections with this organism have been documented in many countries. In Taiwan, a 36-year-old woman developed tinea lesions at multiple sites after carrying a sick hedgehog. The animal subsequently lost its quills and died. On culture of the patient’s skin scrapings, the pathogen was identified mycologically as Trichophyton erinacei, which was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers of the fungal nuclear ribosomal DNA. The same fungus was isolated from the sawdust bed previously used by the diseased hedgehog. A careful contact history is important for identifying this emerging zoonosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Marples MJ, Smith JM. The hedgehog as a source of human ringworm. Nature. 1960;188:867–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Smith JM, Marples MJ. Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei. Sabouraudia. 1963;3:1–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. English MP, Evans CD, Hewit M, Warin RP. Hedgehog ringworm. Br Med J. 1962;1:149–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gregory MW, English MP. Arthroderma benhamiae infection in the Central African hedgehog Erinaceus albiventris, and a report of a human case. Mycopathologia. 1975;55:143–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gregory MW, Stockdale PM, English MP. Ringworm of the African hedgehog (Erinaceus albiventris) in the Ivory Coast due to Arthroderma benhamiae. Mycopathologia. 1978;66:125–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Otcenasek M, Hubalek Z, Sixl W. Survey of dermatophytes in the hair of small mammals from Austria. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1980;27:83–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Romano C, Gianni C, Papini M. Tinea capitis in infants less than 1 year of age. Pediatr Dermatol. 2001;18:465–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schauder S, Kirsch-Nietzki M, Wegener S, Switzer E, Qadripur SA. From hedgehogs to men. Zoophilic dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton erinacei in eight patients. Hautarzt. 2007;58:62–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kano R, Sano A, Makimura K, Watanabe S, Nishimura K, Yamaguchi H, Hasegawa A. A new genotype of Arthroderma benhamiae. Med Mycol. 2008;46:739–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Maslen M. Human infections with Trichophyton mentagrophytes var erinacei in Melbourne, Australia. Sabouraudia. 1981;19:79–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Khosravi AR, Aghamirian MR, Mahmoudi M. Dermatophytoses in Iran. Mycoses. 1994;37:43–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Takahashi Y, Haritani K, Sano A, Takizawa K, Fukushima K, Miyaji M, Nishimura K. An isolate of Arthroderma benhamiae with Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei anamorph isolated from a four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) in Japan. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2002;43:249–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mochizuki T, Takeda K, Nakagawa M, Kawasaki M, Tanabe H, Ishizaki H. The first isolation in Japan of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei causing tinea manuum. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44:765–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rhee DY, Kim MS, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC, Koh JK, Choi JS. A case of tinea manuum caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei: the first isolation in Korea. Mycoses. 2009;52:287–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Li HC, Bouchara JP, Hsu MM, Barton R, Su S, Chang TC. Identification of dermatophytes by sequence analysis of the rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer regions. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:592–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Takahashi Y, Sano A, Takizawa K, Fukushima K, Miyaji M, Nishimura K. The epidemiology and mating behavior of Arthroderma benhamiae var. erinacei in household four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) in Japan. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2003;44:31–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rosen T. Hazardous hedgehogs. South Med J. 2000;93:936–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Simpson JR. Tinea barbae caused by Trichophyton erinacei. Br J Dermatol. 1974;90:697–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. English MP, Smith JM, Rush-Munro RM. Hedgehog ringworm in the North island of New Zealand. N Z Med J. 1964;63:40–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Pierard-Franchimont C, Hermanns JF, Collette C, Pierard GE, Quatresooz P. Hedgehog ringworm in humans and a dog. Acta Clin Belg. 2008;63:322–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. English MP, Morris P. Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei in hedgehog nests. Sabouraudia. 1969;7:118–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Smith JM, Rush-Munro FM, McCarthy M. Animals as a reservoir of human ringworm in New Zealand. Australas J Dermatol. 1969;10:169–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Philpot CM, Bowen RG. Hazards from hedgehogs: two case reports with a survey of the epidemiology of hedgehog ringworm. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1992;17:156–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Mochizuki T, Watanabe S, Kawasaki M, Tanabe H, Ishizaki H. A Japanese case of tinea corporis caused by Arthroderma benhamiae. J Dermatol. 2002;29:221–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jury CS, Lucke TW, Bilsland D. Trichophyton erinacei: an unusual cause of kerion. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141:606–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Quaife RA. Human infection due to the hedgehog fungus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei. J Clin Pathol. 1966;19:177–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Graser Y, Kuijpers AF, Presber W, De Hoog GS. Molecular taxonomy of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T tonsurans. Med Mycol. 1999;37:315–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rush-Munro FM, Smith JM. Further observations on Trichophyton erinacei and T proliferans. Sabouraudia. 1971;9:61–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding Sources

None.

Conflict of Interest Statement

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pei-Lun Sun.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hsieh, CW., Sun, PL. & Wu, YH. Trichophyton erinacei Infection from a Hedgehog: A Case Report from Taiwan. Mycopathologia 170, 417–421 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-010-9333-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-010-9333-2

Keywords

Navigation