Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were investigated for bone tissue engineering applications with regard to bioactivity and particle cytotoxicity. Composite films on the basis of poly(d,l lactid acid) (PDLLA) filled with 0, 5 and 30 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles were processed by solvent casting. Bioactivity, characterised by formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the materials surface, was investigated for both the free TiO2 nanoparticles and PDLLA/TiO2 composite films upon immersion in supersaturated simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) for up to 3 weeks. Non-stoichiometric HA nanocrystals (ns-HA) with an average diameter of 40 nm were formed on the high content (30 wt% TiO2) composite films after 2 weeks of immersion in 1.5 SBF. For the pure PDLLA film and the low content composite films (5 wt% TiO2) trace amounts of ns-HA nanocrystals were apparent after 3 weeks. The TiO2 nanopowder alone showed no bioactivity. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles (0.5–10,000 μg/mL) on MG-63 osteoblast-like cell metabolic activity was assessed by the MTT assay. TiO2 particle concentrations of up to 100 μg/mL had no significant effect on MG-63 cell viability.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the experimental assistance and expertise of I. Notingher, M. Ardakani, M. Kershaw, R. Chater (all Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK). The authors would also like to thank T. Kasuga (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute for Technology, Japan) for helpful discussions as well as Professor L.L. Hench (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK) for funding the cell biological experiments. Thanks are also due to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding provided for L.-C. Gerhardt.
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Gerhardt, LC., Jell, G.M.R. & Boccaccini, A.R. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles filled poly(d,l lactid acid) (PDLLA) matrix composites for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 18, 1287–1298 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0062-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0062-5