Abstract
In this article, we studied the effect of synthesis route on the multifunctional properties of multiferroic BiFeO3. BiFeO3 powders were prepared by conventional solid-state-reaction and sol–gel route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for these samples were collected at different stages of synthesis to analyze the phase purity of the formation. The XRD patterns reveal that sample prepared by sol–gel route attains the low temperature phase formation as compared to the solid state route. Rietveld refinement has been performed for these samples and lattice parameters, cell volume bond length etc. have been calculated from XRD patterns. Phonon modes were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and bond length calculated from XRD shows the good agreement with the bond length calculated from IR spectra. UV–visible spectra showed that BFO nanoparticles exhibit absorption peak at wavelength ~521 nm and band gap is more for the sample prepared by sol–gel route than solid state. The room temperature (RT) magnetic hysteresis (M–H) curve shows the large value magnetization in the sample prepared by sol–gel route in comparison to the sample prepared by solid state route. Similar behaviour is seen in the P–E hysteresis curve. Room temperature dielectric properties of these samples revealed that there is dispersion in the low frequency range that shows normal dielectric characteristics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Fiebig, J. Phys. D 38, R123 (2005)
G.A. Smolenskii, I. Chupis, Sov. Phys. Usp. 25, 475 (1982)
T. Sun, Z.X. Pan, V.P. Dravid, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 163117 (2006)
R. Mazumder, P.S. Devi, D. Bhattacharya, P. Choudhury, A. Sen, M. Raja, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 062510 (2007)
F. Gao, Y. Yuan, K.F. Wang, X.Y. Chen, F. Chen, J.M. Liu, Z.F. Ren, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 102506 (2006)
K. Takahashi, N. Kida, M. Tonouchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 117402 (2006)
I. Sosnowska, A.K. Zvezdin, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140, 167 (1995)
T. Kimura, T. Goto, H. Shintani, K. Ishizaka, T. Arima, Y. Tokura, Nature 426, 55 (2003)
J.R. Cheng, J. Appl. Phys. 94, 5153 (2003)
G.D. Achenbach, W.J. James, R. Gerson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 50, 437 (1967)
N. Das, R. Majumdar, A. Sen, H.S. Maiti, Mater. Lett. 61, 2100 (2007)
F. Gao, X.Y. Chen, K.B. Yin, S. Dong, Z.F. Ren, F. Yuan, T. Yu, Z.G. Zou, J.-M. Liu, Adv. Mater. 19, 2889 (2007)
S. Ghosh, S. Dasgupta, A. Sen, H.S. Maiti, Mater. Res. Bull. 40, 2073 (2005)
V. Fruth, L. Mitoseriu, D. Berger, A. Ianculescu, C. Matei, S. Preda, M. Zaharescu, Prog. Solid State Chem. 35, 193 (2007)
S. Ghosh, S. Dasgupta, A. Sen, H.S. Maiti, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 1349 (2005)
S. Shetty, V.R. Palkar, R. Pinto, Pramana J. Phys. 58, 1027 (2002)
C. Chen, J. Cheng, S. Yu, L. Che, Z. Meng, J. Cryst. Growth 291, 135 (2006)
Y. Wang, G. Xu, Z. Ren, X. Wei, W. Weng, P. Du, G. Shen, G. Han, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 2615 (2007)
Y. Wang, G. Xu, Z. Ren, X. Wei, W. Weng, P. Du, G. Shen, G. Han, Ceram. Int. 34, 1569 (2008)
L. Xiaomeng, X. Jimin, S. Yuanzhi, L. Jiamin, J. Mater. Sci. 42, 6824 (2007)
S. Sharma, V. Singh, O. Parkash, R.K. Dwivedi, Appl. Phys. A 112, 975 (2013)
M. Szafraniak, B. Połomska, A. Hilczer, L. Pietraszko, K. Epinski, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27, 4399 (2007)
G.L. Yuan, S.W. Or, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 062905 (2006)
R.A. Young, A. Sakthivel, T.S. Moss, C.O. Paiva Santos, J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 366 (1995)
Y.J. Wu, X.K. Chen, J. Zhang, X.J. Chen, Phys. B 411, 106 (2013)
H. Yang, T. Xian, Z.Q. Wei, J.F. Dai, J.L. Jiang, W.J. Feng, J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol. 58, 238 (2011)
R. Palai, R.S. Katiyar, H. Schmid, P. Tissot, S.J. Clark, J. Robertson, S.A.T. Redfern, G. Catalan, J.F. Scott, Phys. Rev. B. 77, 014110 (2008)
G. Srinet, R. Kumar, V. Sajal, J. Appl. Phys. 114, 033912 (2013)
G.V.S. Rao, C.N.R. Rao, J.R. Ferraro, Appl. Spectrosc. 24, 436 (1970)
K.K. Som, S. Molla, K. Bose, B.K. Chaudhuri, Phys. Rev. B 45, 1655 (1992)
H.M. Tutuncu, G.P. Srivastava, Phys. Rev. B 78, 235209 (2008)
B. Bhushan, Z. Wang, J.V. Tol, N.S. Dalal, A. Basumallick, N.Y. Vasanthacharya, S. Kumar, D. Das, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 1985 (2012)
V. Singh, S. Sharma, M. Kumar, R.K. Kotnal, R.K. Dwivedi, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 349, 264–267 (2014)
S.C. Roy, G.L. Sharma, M.C. Bhatnagar, J. Solid State Commun. 141, 243–247 (2007)
S.T. Zhang, M.H. Lu, D. Wu, Y.F. Chen, N.B. Ming, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 262907 (2005)
J. Wang, J.B. Neaton, H. Zheng, V. Nagarajan, S.B. Ogale, B. Liu, D. Viehland, V. Vaithyanathan, D.G. Schlom, U.V. Waghmare, N.A. Spaldin, K.M. Rabe, M. Wutting, Science 299, 1719 (2003)
D. Lebeugle, D. Colson, A. Forget, M. Viret, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 022907 (2007)
A.K. Pradhan, K. Zhang, D. Hunter, J.B. Dadson, G.B. Loiutts, P. Bhattacharya, R. Katiyar, J. Zhang, D.J. Sellmyer, U.N. Roy, Y. Cui, A. Burger, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 093903 (2005)
C.G. Koops, Phys. Rev. 83, 121 (1951)
Y. Li, Y. Jun, J. Li, C. Zheng, Y. Wu, Y. Zhao, M. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 22, 323–327 (2011)
Acknowledgments
One of the authors, R. K. Dwivedi is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India for financial support (Ref. No. SR/S3/ME/0048/2009-SERC). Subhash Sharma is also thankful to Jaypee Institute of Information Technology for providing him Research Assistance ship during course of this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, S., Singh, V., Kotnala, R.K. et al. Comparative studies of pure BiFeO3 prepared by sol–gel versus conventional solid-state-reaction method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 25, 1915–1921 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-014-1820-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-014-1820-7