Abstract
The reproduction of racism and class-based oppression are taught to children through various cultural media, including toys and games. Between 1880 and 1930, the popularity of racialized toys and banks were fear-based responses to the perceived encroachment by “foreign and exotic” migrations of African American, Chinese, Irish and Native Americans into the cultural landscape of white middle-class America. This article analyzes how artifacts associated with children, such as mechanical banks, clockwork figures, and other toys are part of a larger cultural structure that viewed race and class as inseparable, and that these objects were essential in the development of a learned habitus that exposed white middle class children in the Victorian era to a racially and class oriented world. We argue that these objects reflect both the times in which they were made, and illuminate the relationship between adults and a newfound emphasis on children and childhood, in which toys serves as symbolic mediators of culture.
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Acknowledgments
Chris thanks David G. Orr, the anthropology department at Temple, and my loving wife Jess. Kyle thanks Sissie Pipes and Güner Coşkunsu. We jointly thank Robert L. Schuyler for his guidance and support throughout our careers. Lastly, we give our sincere gratitude to Chris Fennell, Chris Matthews, Charles Orser, and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on various drafts of this paper.
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Appendix
Appendix
Native American Toys in Sample | |
Name: | Chief Big Moon |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Indian is sitting in front of his teepee holding a fish. The deposited coin releases spring which causes a hidden frog to leap put of pond for the fish. The Indian pulls the fish out of the way when the frog jumps for it. Originally named “Indian Camp Bank”; name “Chief Big Moon” in very small letters on base |
Manufacturer; | J & E Stevens Company, Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1899 |
Price ($): | Unknown |
Source: | Machanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Columbus Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Place a coin in the slot at the feet of Columbus. Press the lever, and as the coin disappears an Indian chief suddenly leaps from his place of concealment in the log, extending the pipe of peace as Columbus salutes him. The design is of historic interest. On one side, in bold relief, is the ship of Columbus, and on the other a mounted Indian hunter in full chase of buffalo”. |
Manufacturer: | Carl P. Stirn, New York City |
Date: | 1893–94 |
Price ($): | $8.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Indian Shooting a Bear/Bear Hunt Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “An Indian Warrior is kneeling on one knee and takes aim with his gun and shoots the coin into the chest of a bear standing by a stump…The Indian is dressed in full regalia, feathers and all. Originally advertised as the “Bear Hunt Bank.’” |
Manufacturer: | J&E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1883–88 |
Price: | $0.85 |
Source: | Machanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Indian Brave |
Type: | Still bank |
Description: | Indian warrior with headdress and tomahawk |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown, probably twentieth century |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com |
Name: | Game of the Wild West |
Type: | Board Game |
Description: | Cowboys and Indians game |
Manufacturer: | Marshall Field & Company |
Date: | 1890–93 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | New Game of Migration |
Type: | Board Game |
Description: | Game of Migration is entirely new and original and is attracting much more than ordinary attention, from the fact that it is one of the very few games now published which at once awakens great interest among the players, and also holds them fascinated until the game is closed. |
Manufacturer: | Marshall Field & Company |
Date: | 1890–93 |
Price: | $5.35 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Exceptional Shooting Game Value |
Type: | Target game |
Description: | Eighteen snappily colored figures, consisting of lion, tiger, bear, elephant, buffalo, zebra, hippopotamus, loepard, war painted Indians and soldiers. Line them all up for your Wild West Show' then see who is the crack shot. |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1929–32 |
Price: | $0.49 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Popgun Shooting Games |
Type: | Target game |
Description: | Break type popguns with corks, cardboard Indians and animals. |
Manufacturer: | Sear and Roebuck |
Date: | ca. 1923 |
Price: | $0.39–0.59 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Irish Toy in Sample | |
Name: | Shamrock Bank/Paddy and the Pig |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Place the coin on the nose of the pig. Press the lever, and the pig will strike the coin with its foot, when the man will open his mouth, catch it on his tongue, and swallow it; at the same time the eyes will roll, giving the face a pleased expression. One of the most amusing banks out. |
Manufacturer: | J & E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1882 |
Price: | $9.00 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Asian (Chinese and Japanese) Toys in Sample | |
Name: | Chinaman in Boat |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | With Rat on tray in bow of boat. It is said that this bank was given as a souvenir at a convention at Planters Hotel in either St. Louis or New Orleans. Press his queue and Chinaman flips over table top, the other side showing Rat on tray, knife and fork, etc., and “Dinner is Ready.” In another place “Hotel Yacht Free Excursion, Music by the Band forward—when it is not seasick.” |
Manufacturer: | Charles A. Bailey, Cobalt, CT |
Date: | 1880s |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Reclining Chinaman |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “To operate the bank, a coin is placed in the pocket section of the Chinaman’s smock, then a lever located in the right end of the log is depressed. Simultaneously, the left arm raises the left hand to the face as the right arm moves forward exposing the hand of cards. The hands are made to be movable and they fall into their respective positions very realistically. As the action takes place, the coin automatically drops through the pocket into the bank.” |
Manufacturer: | J & E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1882 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Shoot that Hat |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “A coin is placed in a provided slot in the water plug in front of the shoe-shine boy. The cloth held by the shoe-shine boy rests against the coin and holds it in place. When the lever is pressed, the standing figure clamps the hat down onto the head of the seated figure. The top of the hat rises exposing the face of a Chinaman. Meantime, the head of the seated figure is forced downward causing the arms to rise. This releases the coin and it drops between the legs of the figure into a provided slot and on into the base of the bank.” |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT (possibly S.S and G.D. Tallman, New York City) |
Date: | 1882 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Chinaman Head |
Type: | Still bank |
Description: | Caricatured head of Chinese man, including queue |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.org |
Name: | Coolie Wagon |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Runs in circle, figure raises head out of wagon, coolie shakes head.” |
Manufacturer: | Butler Bros., New York City |
Date: | 1925 |
Price: | $4.25 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Chinaman Pulls his Cart |
Type: | Mechanical pull toy |
Description: | “Nicely decorated in snappy colors to imitate Chinaman and cart. When wound up and released he walks along in a manner most lifelike, drawing his cart after him. The cart is large enough for very small toys and he will pull them, too. Very interesting mechanical toy.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | $0.39 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Chinese Head Cap Exploder |
Type: | Cap pistol |
Description: | Single and double faced versions |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | 1879–82 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Chinese Must Go |
Type: | Cap pistol |
Description: | A Nativist holding a Chinese man’s queue, and when the trigger is pulled the Nativist kicks the Chinese man in the behind, setting off the cap in Chinese man’s mouth. |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1879 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Thetoyzone.com |
Name: | Shoot That Hat |
Type: | Cap pistol |
Description: | “This pistol is called Shoot That Hat, and this name appears on the barrel. Here the action is about the same. A figure clamps a hat on a seated Chinaman and in so doing fires a paper cap previously inserted inside the hat.” |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1879–82 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Comical Head Shaking Doll |
Type: | Doll |
Description: | “Heads ‘wig-wag,’ giving them a most droll appearance. Boy, girl, and heathen Chinee [sic].” |
Manufacturer: | Butler Bros., New York City |
Date: | 1905 |
Price: | $0.95 per dozen |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Mikado |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “We present this year a Japanese Magic Bank. Place the coin in the recess in the top of the cabinet, under the hat in the Mikado's right hand, and when the lever is turned the coin will disappear, and reappear under the hat in his left hand, where it will remain until another coin is deposited, whent he first coin will drop into the bank. A sweet chime of bells will be heard when the lever is turned.” |
Manufacturer: | Kyser and Rex, Philadelphia, PA |
Date: | 1887 |
Price: | $0.95 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Doke’s Tea Party |
Type: | Doll set |
Description: | “A really wonderful little set at the price. Comprises three Japanese wicker chairs, table, and set china decorated dishes and three 4 1/2 inch Japanese dolls.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1911 |
Price: | $0.29 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Africans/African American Toy in Sample | |
Name: | African bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Stylized “African savage” head, similar in operation to “Jolly Nigger Bank” |
Manufacturer: | Uknown, probably German |
Date: | ca. 1907 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Always Did ‘Spise a Mule (jockey) |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “A most amusing bank, made of cast iron throughout. Place a coin in the rider’s mouth and touch a spring. The mule’s heels are flung up, the rider is thrown over the mule’s head, and the coin is shot into the bank as the unfortunate nigger's head strikes the ground.” |
Manufacturer: | J E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1879 |
Price: | $0.95 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Always Did ‘Spise a Mule (bench) |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Nicely painted and decorated, innocent-looking mule facing a darkey, touch the spring and the mule whirls about suddenly and kicks the darkey over, throwing the coin from the bench into the receptacle below.” |
Manufacturer: | J&E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1897 |
Price: | $0.67 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Always did ‘Spise a Mule (English version) |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to above |
Manufacturer: | John Harper and Co., Ltd, Willenhall, England |
Date: | 1902 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Baby Mine/Mammy and Child |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Coin, which has been placed on a large spoon held in colored mammy’s hand, is fed into the child’s mouth. When lever is pressed child kicks feet. Mammy nods her head and feeds baby with a spoon.” |
Manufacturer: | Kyser and Rex, Philadelphia, PA |
Date: | 1884 |
Price: | $0.85 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Bad Accident |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “A wonderful bank to sell. Place a coin under the feet of the driver, when the boy jumps into the middle of the road, the donkey is frightened and as he rears, the coin falls into the body of the cart and disappears. The movements of all the figures are very lifelike.” |
Manufacturer: | J & E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1888 |
Price: | $9.00 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Bamboula |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown, probably French |
Date: | 1895–1910 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Beggar Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Represents a one-legged negro with his hat between his hands begging. On dropping a coin into the hat, it instantly disappears, while the beggar nods his head in acknowledgement.” |
Manufacturer: | H. L. Judd Mfg. Co., Wallingford, CT |
Date: | 1879 |
Price: | $0.80 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Black Joe |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | G.L. Webster |
Date: | 1932–34 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Boys Stealing Watermelons |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “One boy is lying flat on the ground and the other is climbing over the fence. When boy reaches for a watermelon the dog charges. . . . The base represents a field of the watermelon vine and green watermelon are plainly visible.” |
Manufacturer: | Kyser and Rex, Philadelphia, PA |
Date: | 1885–95 |
Price: | $3.60 for 4 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Cabin Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Place the coin upon the roof above the negro’s head, move the handle of the white-wash brush, and the negro will be made to stand on his head and kick the coin into the bank.” |
Manufacturer: | J&E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1885 |
Price: | $0.54 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Chad Valley |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Decal of African American caricature on round bank, mechanical sticks out tongue to accept coins. |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown, mid-twentieth century |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com |
Name: | Dapper Dan |
Type: | Clockwork/mechanical bank |
Description: | “Coon Jigger Bank or ‘The Jigging Banker.’ Wind up and insert coin and colored Dapper Dan dances a jig….Various other names such as "Thrifty Tom.” |
Manufacturer: | Louis Marx and Co., New York City |
Date: | 1925 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Darktown Battery/Base Ball Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Place the coin in the right hand of the pitcher and he throws the coin over the plate and the batter strikes at it, the catcher misses it and the coin disappears between his knees, in the breast protector. Name “Darktown Battery” on base.” |
Manufacturer: | J&E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1888 |
Price: | $0.90 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Darkey in Chimney |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Head of black man emerges from cabin chimney when coin is placed in slot. |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Darkey Bust |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger.” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown, probably German |
Date: | 1907 |
Price: | $0.33 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Darky Fisherman |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “There is some wording on the bank and this is in raised letters across the base just to the front of the boy’s feet. The statement “Dis Pond Am De Boss Place To Fish” appears here.” |
Manufacturer: | Charles A. Bailey, Cobalt, CT |
Date: | 1880–85 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Dentist |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “A coin is placed in the left pocket of the dentist, the lever located at the feet of the figures is then pressed. The figure of the dentist falls backward against the gas bag and the coin drops from his pocket into the bag which is the coin container. In the dentist’s right hand is a pair of extractors and in these is a large tooth. As the dentist falls backward the negro also falls over backward in the chair, throwing his arms up at the same time. The patient is fastened to the chair back and this tilts over with the figure.” |
Manufacturer: | J&E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1880–90 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Dinah/Long Sleeve Dinah |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” except woman |
Manufacturer: | John Harper and Co., Ltd, Willenhall, England |
Date: | 1911 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com |
Name: | “Foot Ball” Bank/Darky and Watermelon |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Place a coin in the Foot Ball, set the leg of the Old Darkey back in position, ready to kick, press on the Spring on the Darkey's back; his foot will kick the Foot Ball, throw it over the Water Melon, and the coin will be deposited.” |
Manufacturer: | Charles A. Bailey, Cobalt, CT |
Date: | 1888 |
Price: | $8.50 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Freedman’s Saving Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “One of the most ingenious, amusing, and useful toys of the season. Represents a colored gentleman seated at a counter. Upon laying a cent or other coin within reach of his hand, and touching a spring, he first sweeps it into a hole in the counter which opens to receive it, then raises his outspread hand to his nose and waves his fingers satirically, and concludes with a derisive shake of the head, expressive of a determination to hold onto the deposit. Anyone will willingly sacrifice a cent for the sake of seeing it ‘raked in.’” |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Mfg., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1880 |
Price: | $4.25 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Greedy Nigger Boy |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Similar to “Jolly Nigger”; “When coins are deposited negro rolls eyes and sticks out tongue.” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | 1907 |
Price: | $0.33 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Hindu/Uncle Tom |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Made of malleable cast iron. When the button at the back of the neck is pressed, the eyes roll up, and the tongue is thrust out for a coin, which is immediately swallowed.” |
Manufacturer: | Kyser and Rex, Philadelphia, PA |
Date: | 1882 |
Price: | $0.85 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Inititating First Degree |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “A goat, darky and frog. The Darky is in a stooped position in the middle of the three. Coin is placed in the outstretched hands of the darky. The goat butts the darky in the rear, pushes him forward and he deposits the coin in the mouth of the frog which rises on its hind legs to receive it. Typical of the times when all secret lodges or fraternities were supposed to use a goat to initiate its members.” |
Manufacturer: | Mechanical Novelty Works, New Britain, CT |
Date: | 1880–86 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Jolly Nigger |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Made of malleable cast iron, finished in bright colors. Place the coin in the colored gentleman’s hand and touch a projection behind the left shoulder. The coin is thrown into the mouth, and the eyes roll upward while the tongue falls back.” |
Manufacturer: | Shephard Hardware Co., Buffalo, NY |
Date: | 1882 |
Price: | $0.95 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Jolly Nigger with Butterfly Tie |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com |
Name: | Jolly Nigger with High Hat |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | John Harper, Ltd., England |
Date: | ca. 1902 |
Price: | ₤52/8 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Jolly Nigger Moves Ears |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com |
Name: | Kicking Mule |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “[P]lace coin on bench, press lever, mule turns and upsets darkey, depositing coin”; similar to “Always Did ‘Spise a Mule” and “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Butler Bros., New York City |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | $1.75 |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Little Joe |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | John Harper, Ltd., England |
Date: | 1924 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Little Moe |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Chamberlin and Hill, Ltd, Walsall, England |
Date: | 1930 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Liveauctioneers.com |
Name: | Little Moe with White Hat |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown |
Price: | $0.50 per dozen |
Source: | Griffith, 1958 |
Name: | Sambo Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Just like “Jolly Nigger” except quite a bit smaller. Perhaps a son of the “Jolly Nigger” because he looks like him. The word “Sambo Bank” on back. The three banks “Sambo,” “Little Joe,” and “Little High Hat” are all the same except with name on each. |
Manufacturer: | William & H. H. James & Co. Willenhall, England |
Date: | 1918 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Stump Speaker |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Design shown on Patent #13,401 for “Shoot That Hat” Bank, issued to Charles F. Richel, Bridgeport, CT, Nov. 7, 1882, specifying “a bootblack sitting on his box in front of a street-hydrant, with outstretched hands holding a brush”; coin placed between hands and hydrant slips between knees into bank when another boy, standing behind, swings the huge hat over his head; admits no coin larger than a nickel; top of hat rises as it goes over head.” |
Manufacturer: | Shephard Hardware Co., Buffalo, NY |
Date: | 1886 |
Price: | $8.75 per dozen |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Sonny Boy |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Robert Eastwood Starkie, Burnley, England |
Date: | 1920 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Thrifty Tom's Jigger Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | Similar to “Dapper Dan” |
Manufacturer: | Ferdinand Strauss Corp., New York City |
Date: | 1910 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Uncle Remus |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Stealing chickens. Darky stands in chicken house in open door with sack of chickens in hand, when sprung door slams shut and Policeman jumps forward with lifted club, in front of closed door. Fence around two sides. Hen runs across lot, press her tail and policeman starts after Remus who ducks back in. pulling door shut quickly.” |
Manufacturer: | Kyser and Rex, Philadelphia, PA |
Date: | 1891 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Weeden’s Plantation Darky Bank |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “This new mechanical toy is made of sheet metal in exact imitation of A PLANTATION SHANTY And contains Clock Work, Main Spring, and Fan Regulator so arranged that when a penny or nickel is pushed through the coin-safe opening, the Banjo Player will “PICK ON DE OLE BANJO” While the ther Darky will DANCE A REAL BREAK-DOWN In perfect time and with a great variety of life-like comical steps.” (bold in original) |
Manufacturer: | Weeden Mfg. Co., New Bedford, MA |
Date: | 1888 |
Price: | $1.40 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Young Nigger |
Type: | Mechanical bank |
Description: | “Similar to “Jolly Nigger” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Unknown, probably twentieth century |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com |
Name: | Picaninny |
Type: | Still bank |
Description: | “Please give me a penny. Made of malleable cast iron.” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown, probably English |
Date: | 1880s |
Price: | $0.25 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Sharecropper |
Type: | Still bank |
Description: | African American man with floppy hat and suspenders; similar to “Picaninny” |
Manufacturer: | A.C. Williams, Ohio |
Date: | 1910 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanksonline.com; Liveauctioneers.com |
Name: | Alabama Coon Jigger/Tombo |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Jigs like a real ‘COON.’ Extremely amusing and comical. Simply release the lever and the ‘COON’ starts an old-fashioned plantation breakdown” |
Manufacturer: | Ferdinand Strauss Corp., New York City |
Date: | 1910 |
Price: | $0.60 |
Source: | Antiquetoycollections.info |
Name: | Amos ‘n’ Andy |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Based on the popular minstrel show |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1930–31 |
Price: | $0.48–1.39 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Aunt Chloe/Washerwoman |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | African American woman washing clothes in tub |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1880–85 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Prices4antiques.com |
Name: | Banjo Player |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Seated black man with banjo. Dressed in bold clothing with oversized bow tie. When activated, stomps foot and moves body |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Manufacturing, Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1876 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Liveauctioneers.com |
Name: | Black Minstrel Couple |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Black Minstrel German mechanical toy. Truly a most unique and amazing toy featuring a black woman playing a banjo accompanied by her gentleman caller adorned in a top hat. The mechanical mechanism with music (plink, plank, plunk) contained within the lady’s hoop dress, the gentleman caller is attached in a most unique way to her skirt.” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown, possibly German |
Date: | 1885–1915 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Prices4antiques.com |
Name: | Black Man Playing the Banjo |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “A German hand painted tin windup Black Man Playing Banjo toy, made by Gunthermann. Has plink-plink music when operating.” |
Manufacturer: | S.G. Gunthermann, Nuremberg, Germany |
Date: | 1880–1910 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Prices4antiques.com |
Name: | The Boxers/Sparring Pugilists |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Two black men dressed in floppy clothing and hats (sharecroppers) fighting |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1885 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Liveauctioneers.com |
Name: | Brudder Bones |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “The end man. A companion to “Poor Old Joe,” and equally laughable and life like. Waves his arms to and fro, bending his body, and shaking his head in genuine negro minstrel style.” |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Manufacturing, Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1879 |
Price: | $4.00 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Champion Dancers |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Dancing African Americans |
Manufacturer: | Davis Brothers’ Catalog |
Date: | 1879–80 |
Price: | $27.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Challenge Dancer |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Dancing African American |
Manufacturer: | Davis Brothers’ Catalog |
Date: | 1879–80 |
Price: | $21.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Charleston Trio |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “A toy right up to the minute. New this year. Very snappy action. When strong spring is wound up Charleston Charlie dances while the small negro fiddles and the dog nods his approval.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1926–31 |
Price: | $0.45 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Chicken Snatcher |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “One of the new most novel toys of the year. When the strong spring motor is wound up this scared looked negro shuffles along with a chicken in his hand and a dog hanging on the seat of his pants. A very funny toy which will delight the kiddies.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1926 |
Price: | $0.45 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Colored Minstrel Boys |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Two coons with the exaggerated head and foot movement of real darkies. One plays the accordion, the other pats time and beats a cymbal with his foot.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1922 |
Price: | $1.39 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Comical Negro Drummer |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Painted in colors, plays cymbals and beats drum |
Manufacturer: | Butler Bros., New York City |
Date: | 1905 |
Price: | $3.50 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Ham and Sam the Minstrel Team |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | African American banjo player and piano player |
Manufacturer: | Ferdinand Strauss Corp., New York City |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | $1.00 |
Source: | icollector.com |
Name: | Hott and Tott |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Same as above, except with “Hott an’ Tott—Right on the Spot” decal |
Manufacturer: | Unique Art Mfg Co., Newark, NJ |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Liveauctioneers.com |
Name: | Jazzbo Jim |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Similar to “Alabam Coon Jigger” but also holding banjo |
Manufacturer: | Ferdinand Strauss Corp., New York City |
Date: | ca.1910–20s |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Auctionengine.net |
Name: | Mechanical Boxers |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “A new and very life like toy, the figure go through all the motions of two men boxing, excellent motion, comical, life likfe action, finely made and finished, not liable to get out of order”; similar to the “Pugilists” |
Manufacturer: | Marshall Field & Co. |
Date: | 1890–93 |
Price: | $32.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Mechanical Cake Walk |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Dancing African Americans |
Manufacturer: | Marshall Field & Co. |
Date: | 1890–93 |
Price: | $33.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Mechanical Rocking Negro in Chair |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Laughable toy. Merely wind up the spring and the negro rocks back and forth in chair. Has movable jaw and is very comically dressed.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1911 |
Price: | $0.35 |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Moving Apple Man |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “A very comical toy. Represents cloth dressed negro sitting in apple cart, with painted apples. Negro’s feet rest on floor, and when toy is wound it runs backward in straight and curved lines and apparently the negro is driving the cart back with his feet, as the beat on the floor.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1911 |
Price: | $0.45 |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Old Colored Fiddler |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “The face and expression is natural and so funny, that they provoke laughter wherever shown. There is a ‘point’ to each, fun for old and young alike.” |
Manufacturer: | Marshall Field & Co. |
Date: | 1890–93 |
Price: | $24.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Old Nurse |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “The old nurse, handsomely and strongly made, appropriately dressed, excellent motion, comical, life-like action, finely made and finished, not liable to get out of order.” |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1890–1893 |
Price: | $24.00 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Poor Old Joe |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “The great mechanical banjo player. One of the most comical toys ever seen, which will force a laugh from the most serious. Picks the banjo in a perfectly natural manner, turns his head, sways his body to and fro, and pats the time out with his foot.” |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Manufacturing, Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1879 |
Price: | $3.50 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Sister Lucinda at the Play |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Represents a stout, elderly colored lady looking with intense interest at a play. Shakes her head, sways her body from side to side, and fans herself vigorously with a palm leaf.” |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Manufacturing, Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1879 |
Price: | $4.00 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Spic and Span, The Hams What Am |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “2 MAN BAND IN THE BOX.” |
Manufacturer: | Louis Marx and Co., New York City |
Date: | 1924 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Tamborine Player |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Similar to Banjo Player, but with tambourine. |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Manufacturing, Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1870s |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Antiquetrader.com |
Name: | Tip Top Porter |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | African American porter pushing baggage cart |
Manufacturer: | Ferdinand Strauss Corp., New York City |
Date: | 1920s |
Price: | $0.50 |
Source: | Wallystoys.com |
Name: | Tumbling Negro, Movable Jaw |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “Winds up by arms and tumbles around floor turning somersaults.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1911 |
Price: | $0.39 |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Two Jolly Blacks |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Dancing African Americans |
Manufacturer: | Davis Brothers' Catalog |
Date: | 1879–80 |
Price: | $4.00 per 50 dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Uncle Tom |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | “An elderly colored gentleman setting out upon his travels. Moves his legs, and walks in the most natural and life-like manner, which moves the beholder to irresistible laughter. A toy which cannot fail to delight the little ones.” |
Manufacturer: | Jerome B. Secor Manufacturing, Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1879–80 |
Price: | $2.60 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | Walking Darkey |
Type: | Clockwork toy |
Description: | Similar to “Chicken Snatcher” |
Manufacturer: | American Wholesale |
Date: | 1928 |
Price: | $4.20 per dozen |
Source: | Barlow 1998 |
Name: | Donkey Cart |
Type: | Mechanical pull toy |
Description: | “Donkey cart as used on the “Bad Accident” bank was made as a pull toy by Stevens”; “As the toy is drawn, each revolution of the wheels causes the driver to strike the donkey with a whip.” |
Manufacturer: | J & E Stevens Co., Cromwell, CT |
Date: | 1891 |
Price: | $0.45 |
Source: | Mechanicalbanks.org |
Name: | The Negro Porter Pushes His Cart |
Type: | Mechanical push toy |
Description: | “Wind it up and the porter walks across floor, pushing his cart ahead of him. The legs move just as though he were actually walking |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | $0.39 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Jolly Darkey Target Game |
Type: | Target game |
Description: | “The game is to throw the balls in to the Darkie’s mouth. Each player in turn throws all the balls, and score one for each that goes in the mouth. If a ball comes out again through one of the holes, it scores as many extra balls for the player as the number marked near the hole indicates. A certain number of points is set as the limit of the game, and the player who first scores that number wins.” |
Manufacturer: | Milton Bradley, Springfield, MA |
Date: | 1890 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Boardgamegeek.com |
Name: | Tip the Bell Boy |
Type: | Target game |
Description: | “Can you tip the bell boy? See if you can shoot the ball into the boy’s trays.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | ca. 1929 |
Price: | $0.48 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Niggerhead Cap Pistol |
Type: | Cap pistorl |
Description: | Figure of a black man makes up the handle of the pistol. Cap is inserted into the mouth and the hammer strikes the cap, setting it off. |
Manufacturer: | Shephard Hardware Co., Buffalo, NY |
Date: | 1887 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Toyrepair,com |
Name: | Sambo Cap Pistol |
Type: | Cap Pistol |
Description: | Similar to above |
Manufacturer: | Ives Co., Bridgeport, CT |
Date: | 1887 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Toyrepair.com |
Name: | Darky in a Watermelon |
Type: | Doll set |
Description: | “Upon opening the watermelon, which is made of papier mache, is found a little pickanniny, southern darkey with cloth diaper fastened with a miniature safety pin and a small nursing bottle. His white eyes flash and the whole face indicates perfect happiness.” |
Manufacturer: | Unknown |
Date: | Probably twentieth century |
Price: | $0.15 each or $1.35 per dozen |
Source: | Thetoyzone.com |
Name: | Golliwog |
Type: | Rag doll |
Description: | “Golliwogs are grotesque creatures, with very dark, often jet black skin, large white-rimmed eyes, red or white clown lips, and wild frizzy hear. Typically it’s a male dressed in a jacket, trousers, bow tie, and stand-up collar in a combination of red, white, blue, and occasionally yellow colors.” |
Manufacturer: | Steiff Co., Germany |
Date: | 1908 |
Price: | Unknown |
Source: | Ferris.edu/jimcrow/golliwog/ |
Name: | Masquerade Mask |
Type: | Costume mask |
Description: | Old Uncle Joe and Topsy: “Negro masks” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | $0.67–0.79 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
Name: | Negro Minstrel Suit |
Type: | Costume |
Description: | “Consists of yellow cloth trousers and black coat. Coat trimmed with broad yellow lapels and buttons. Cap style wig, made of curled horsehair on stiff cloth foundation has kinky effect. Some black their faces. Masks sold separately.” |
Manufacturer: | Sears and Roebuck |
Date: | 1921 |
Price: | Costume, $0.38; Mask, $0.39 |
Source: | Spero 1988 |
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Barton, C.P., Somerville, K. Play Things: Children’s Racialized Mechanical Banks and Toys, 1880–1930. Int J Histor Archaeol 16, 47–85 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-012-0169-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-012-0169-y