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Inflammatory Mediators as Biomarkers in Brain Disorders

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive death of the neurons. The definite diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disorder is disadvantaged by the difficulty in obtaining biopsies and thereby to validate the clinical diagnosis with pathological results. Biomarkers are valuable indicators for detecting different phases of a disease such as prevention, early onset, treatment, progression, and monitoring the effect of pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. Inflammation occurs in neurodegenerative diseases, and identification and validation of molecules involved in this process could be a strategy for finding new biomarkers. The ideal inflammatory biomarker needs to be easily measurable, must be reproducible, not subject to wide variation in the population, and unaffected by external factors. Our review summarizes the most important inflammation biomarkers currently available, whose specificity could be utilized for identifying and monitoring distinctive phases of different neurodegenerative diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance with the “PNR-CNR Aging Program 2012-2014” project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedicine ed Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy

    Domenico Nuzzo, Pasquale Picone, Luca Caruana, Sonya Vasto & Marta Di Carlo

  2. Department of Biologic, Technology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Sonya Vasto & Annalisa Barera

  3. Department of Biopathology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Calogero Caruso

  4. Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM) Alberto Monroy, CNR, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy

    Marta Di Carlo

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  1. Domenico Nuzzo
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Domenico Nuzzo and Pasquale Picone contributed equally to this article.

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Nuzzo, D., Picone, P., Caruana, L. et al. Inflammatory Mediators as Biomarkers in Brain Disorders. Inflammation 37, 639–648 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-013-9780-2

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