Skip to main content
Log in

The Effects of Divorce on Men’s Employment and Social Security Histories

  • Published:
European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Analyses of the economic consequences of divorce have emphasized the negative effect of divorce for women. For men, consequences of divorce are most often believed to be social or psychological. This is not consistent with an economic literature showing the positive effects of marriage on men’s wages. Using a nationally representative life-history survey among men in the Netherlands, this paper reanalyzes the possible negative effects of a divorce for the careers of men. Complete life histories provide information on upward and downward occupational mobility as well as on unemployment and disability. Multivariate event history models show that after divorce, men experience an increased chance of becoming downwardly mobile, an increased chance of becoming unemployed, and an increased chance of becoming disabled. Additional analyses are done to assess whether these effects are spurious, due to the influence of earlier problems that men experienced in their lives, as measured by indicators of employment problems, health problems, and problems in social relationships. While these variables have an effect on the future career, they are not strong enough to eliminate the divorce effect. Implications are discussed for different theoretical hypotheses about the importance of marriage and divorce for men’s employment.

Résumé

Les analyses des conséquences économiques du divorce mettent l’accent sur l’effet négatif du divorce chez les femmes. Pour les hommes, on considère souvent qu’il s’agit davantage de conséquences sociales ou psychologiques. Ceci ne cadre pas avec la littérature économique qui montre que le mariage a un effet positif sur les revenus masculins. Grâce à une enquête représentative au niveau national, menée sur les histoires de vie des hommes néerlandais, cet article analyse les possibles effets négatifs du divorce sur les carrières masculines. Les modèles multi-variés d’analyse biographique, appliqués aux histoires complètes de vie, montrent qu’après le divorce, les hommes ont des risques accrus de mobilité vers le bas, de chômage et d’incapacité. Des analyses complémentaires cherchent à déterminer si ces effets sont réels ou dus à l’influence de problèmes antérieurs vécus par les hommes, problèmes d’emploi, problèmes de santé ou difficultés dans les relations sociales. Ces variables ont effectivement un effet sur la suite de la carrière mais leur prise en compte ne suffit pas à annuler complètement l’effet du divorce. Les résultats permettent de discuter différentes hypothèses théoriques sur le rôle du mariage et du divorce dans l’emploi masculin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • P. R. Amato (2000) ArticleTitleThe consequences of divorce for adults and children Journal of Marriage and the Family 62 1269–1287

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Appelberg K. Romanov M. L. Honkasalo M. Koskenvuo (1991) ArticleTitleInterpersonal conflicts at work and psychosocial characteristics of employees Social Science and Medicine 32 1051–1056

    Google Scholar 

  • J. B. Assendorpf S. Wilpers (1998) ArticleTitlePersonality effects on social relationships Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 1531–1544

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Bernasco P. M. De Graaf W. C. Ultee (1998) ArticleTitleCoupled careers: effects of spouses’ resources on occupational attainment in the Netherlands European Sociological Review 14 15–31

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Blackburn S. Korenman (1994) ArticleTitleThe declining marital-status earnings differential Journal of Population Economics 7 247–270 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00517299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blossfeld, H.-P. and Drobnic, S. (eds), 2001. Careers of Couples in Contemporary Society. Oxford University Press, Oxford

  • A. Booth P. Amato (1991) ArticleTitleDivorce and psychological stress Journal of Health and Social Behavior 32 396–407

    Google Scholar 

  • A. J. Cherlin (1979) `Work life and marital dissolution' G. Levinger O. C. Moles (Eds) Divorce and Separation: Context, Causes and Consequences Basic Books New York 151–166

    Google Scholar 

  • P. M. De Graaf M. Kalmijn (2001) ArticleTitleTrends in the intergenerational transmission of cultural and economic status Acta Sociologica 44 51–66

    Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Gray (1997) ArticleTitleThe fall in men’s return to marriage: declining productivity effects or changing selection Journal of Human Resources 32 479–504

    Google Scholar 

  • M. T. Hannan N. B. Tuma (1990) ArticleTitleA reassessment of the effect of income maintenance on marital dissolution in the Seattle–Denver experiment American Journal of Sociology 95 1270–1298 Occurrence Handle10.1086/229429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H.-T. Hansen (2005) ArticleTitleUnemployment and marital dissolution: a panel data study of Norway European Sociological Review 21 135–148 Occurrence Handle10.1093/esr/jci009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. D. Hoffman G. J. Duncan (1995) ArticleTitleThe effect of income, wages, and AFDC benefits on marital disruption Journal of Human Resources 30 19–41

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Jalovaara (2003) ArticleTitleThe joint effects of marriage partners’ socioeconomic positions on the risk of divorce Demography 40 67–81

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Jarvis S. P. Jenkins (1999) ArticleTitleMarital splits and income changes: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey Population Studies 53 237–254 Occurrence Handle10.1080/00324720308077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I. Joung K. Strouks H. Van de Mheen F. W. A. Van Poppel J. B. W. Van der Meer J. P. Mackenbach (1997) ArticleTitleThe contribution of intermediate factors to marital status differences in self-reported health Journal of Marriage and the Family 59 476–490

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kalmijn P. M. De Graaf (1998) Divorce in the Netherlands 1998 [electronic data tape] Utrecht University, Department of Sociology Utrecht, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kalmijn R. Luijkx (2005) ArticleTitleHas the reciprocal relationship between employment and marriage changed for men? An analysis of the life histories of men born in the Netherlands between 1930 and 1970 Population Studies 59 211–231

    Google Scholar 

  • G. C. Kitson (1992) Portrait of Divorce: Adjustment to Marital Breakdown Guilford Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Korenman D. Neumark (1991) ArticleTitleDoes marriage really make men more productive? Journal of Human Resources 26 282–307

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Kraft (2001) ArticleTitleUnemployment and the separation of married couples Kyklos: Internationale Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaften 54 67–88

    Google Scholar 

  • L. A. Lillard C. W. A. Panis (1996) ArticleTitleMarital status and mortality: The role of health Demography 33 313–327

    Google Scholar 

  • E.-S. Loh (1997) ArticleTitleProductivity differences and the marriage wage premium for white males Journal of Human Resources 31 566–589

    Google Scholar 

  • S. McLanahan G. Sandefur (1994) Growing up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps Harvard University Press Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • P. A. McManus T. A. DiPrete (2001) ArticleTitleLosers and winners: the financial consequences of divorce for men American Sociological Review 66 246–268

    Google Scholar 

  • E. G. Menaghan (1991) ArticleTitleWork experience and family interaction processes: the long reach of the job? Annual Review of Sociology 17 419–444 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.so.17.080191.002223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Peterson (1996) ArticleTitleA re-evaluation of the economic consequences of divorce American Sociological Review 61 528–536

    Google Scholar 

  • R. S. Pindyck D. L. Rubinfeld (1991) Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts McGraw-Hill New York

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Poortman (2000) ArticleTitleSex differences in the economic consequences of separation: a panel study of the Netherlands European Sociological Review 16 1–17 Occurrence Handle10.1093/esr/16.4.367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. J. Smock (1993) ArticleTitleThe economic cost of marital disruption for young women over the past two decades Demography 30 353–371

    Google Scholar 

  • P. J. Smock (1994) ArticleTitleGender and the short-run economic consequences of marital disruption Social Forces 73 243–262

    Google Scholar 

  • W. J. G. Uunk (2004) ArticleTitleThe economic consequences of divorce for women in the European Union: the impact of welfare state arrangements European Journal of Population 20 251–285 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10680-004-1694-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Van de Mheen K. Stronks C. T. M. Schrijvers J. P. Mackenbach (1999) ArticleTitleThe influence of adult ill health on occupational class mobility and mobility out of and into employment in the Netherlands Social Science and Medicine 49 509–518

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Voydanoff (1990) ArticleTitleEconomic distress and family relations: a review of the eighties Journal of Marriage and the Family 52 1099–1115

    Google Scholar 

  • L. J. Waite M. Gallagher ( 2000) The Case for Marriage: Why Married People are Happier, Healthier, and Better off Financially Doubleday New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Wallerstein S. Blakeslee (1990) Second Chances: Men, Women, and Children a Decade after Divorce Houghton Mifflin Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Williams D. Umberson (2004) ArticleTitleMarital status, marital transitions, and health: a gendered life course perspective Journal Health and Social Behavior 45 81–98

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Yamaguchi (1991) Event History Analysis Sage Publications Newbury Parks

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthijs Kalmijn.

Additional information

Kalmijn, M., 2005, The Effects of Divorce on Men’s Employment and Social Security Histories, European Journal of Population, 21: 347–366.

Kalmijn, M., 2005, Les effects du divorce sur les histoires professionnelle et socio-médicale des hommes, Revue Européenne de Démographie, 21: 347–366.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kalmijn, M. The Effects of Divorce on Men’s Employment and Social Security Histories. Eur J Population 21, 347–366 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-005-0200-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-005-0200-7

Key words

Mots clés

Navigation