Skip to main content
Log in

Embedded System Design Using Formal Model Refinement: An Approach Based on the Combined Use of UML and the B Language

  • Published:
Design Automation for Embedded Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The approach proposed in this paper introduces a hardware/software co-design framework for developing complex embedded systems. The method relies on formal proof of system properties at every phase of the co-design cycle. The key concept is the combined use of UML and the B language for system modeling and design, and the seamless transition from UML specifications to system descriptions in B. The final system prototype emerges from correct-by-construction subsystems described in the B language; the hardware components are translated in VHDL/SystemC, while for the software components C/C++ is used. The outcome is a formally proven correct system implementation. The efficiency of the proposed method is exhibited through the design of a case study from the telecommunication domain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abrial, J. R. The B Book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  2. Abrial, J. R. Event Driven Electronic Circuit Construction, Available at: http://www.atelierb.societe.com/ressources/articles/cir.pdf.

  3. Abrial, J. R. Event Model Decomposition, 2004, Available at: http://www.atelierb.societe.com/resources/articles/dcmp3.pdf.

  4. Boulanger, J. L., and G. Mariano. Formalization of Digital Circuits Using the B Method. In Proceedings of 3rd European Systems Engineering Conference, 2002, pp. 281–290.

  5. B-Toolkit, ‘B-Toolkit User’s Manual,’ 1996, release 3.2, B-Core Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom.

  6. ClearSy, Event B Reference Manual, 2001, version 1.0, Available at: http://www.atelierb.societe.com/ressources/evt2b/eventb_reference_manu-al.pdf.

  7. ClearSy: 2004, ClearSy System Engineering: AtelierB User Manual, version 3.6.

  8. Craigen, D., S. Gerhart, and E. Ralston. Formal Methods Reality Check: Industrial Usage. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. l21, no. 2, pp. 90–98, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Draper, J., et al. Evaluating the B Method on an Avionics Example. In Proceedings of Data Systems in Aerospace (DASIA) Conference, 1996, pp. 89–97.

  10. Eclipse: 2004, Available at: http://www.eclipse.org/.

  11. ETSI: 2000, Broadband Radio Access Networks BRAN; HIPERLAN Type 2; Data Link Control (DLC) Layer Part1: Basic Data Transport Functions, Technical Report ETSI TS 101 761-1 version 1.1.1.

  12. Facon, P., R. Lelau, and H. P. Nguyen. Combining UML with the B Formal Method for the Specification of Database Applications. Research Report, CEDRIC Laboratory, Paris. 1999.

  13. Harel, D. StateCharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems. Science of Computer Programming Archive, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 231–274, 1987.

  14. IBM Rational software: 2004, Available at: http://www.rational.com/.

  15. Ifill, W., et al., The use of B to Specify, Design and Verify Hardware in High Integrity Software, High Integrity Software, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, pp. 43–62.

  16. KeesDA: BHDL User Guide, 2004, Available At: http://www.keesda.com/pussee/bibliography.htm.

  17. Lano, K., D. Clark, and K. Androutsopoulos, UML to B: Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Models, In E. A. Boiten, J.Derrick, G.Smith (Eds.), Integrated Formal Methods, 4th International Conference, IFM 2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, vol. 2999, pp. 187–206.

  18. Lecomte, T., J. R. Abrial, F. Badeau, C. Czernecki, D. Sabatier, and C. Snook, Abstract Modeling: System Level Modeling and Refinement in B, Technical Report, Project IST-2000-30103 PUSSEE, 2004, Available at: http://www.keesda.com/pussee.

  19. Ledang, H., and J. Souquieres, Integrating UML and B Specification Techniques. Proceedings of Informatik 2001 Workshop on Integrating Diagrammatic and Formal SpecificationTechnique, 2001, pp. 53–60.

  20. Rumbaugh, J., I. Jacobson, and G. Booch. The Unified modeling Language Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley, 1998.

  21. Sekerinski, E. Graphical Design of Reactive Systems, In D. Bert (Ed.), B’98—Recent Advances in the Development and Use of the B Method, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1393. Springer-Verlag, pp. 182–197, 1998.

  22. Snook, C., and M. Butler, Final Tool Extensions for Integration of UML and B, Technical Report D4.1.3, Project IST-2000-30103 PUSSEE, 2004, Available at: http://www.keesda.com/pussee.

  23. Snook, C., L. Tsiopoulos, and M. Walden, A Case Study in Requirement Analysis of Control Systems using UML and B. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Refinement of Critical Systems, Methods, Tools and Developments, 2003, Available at: http://www.esil.univ-mrs.fr/spc/rcs03/rcs03.html.

  24. The PUSSEE Project: 2004, Available at: http://www.keesda.com/pussee.

  25. Warmer, J., and A. Kleppe, The Object Constraint Language: Precise Modeling with UML. Addison-Wesley, 1999.

  26. XMI: 2004, Available at: http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/xmi.htm.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikolaos S. Voros.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Voros, N.S., Snook, C.F., Hallerstede, S. et al. Embedded System Design Using Formal Model Refinement: An Approach Based on the Combined Use of UML and the B Language. Des Autom Embed Syst 9, 67–99 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10617-005-1184-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10617-005-1184-6

Keywords

Navigation