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Ecological study for refrigerator use, salt, vegetable, and fruit intakes, and gastric cancer

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Abstract

We used an ecological approach to determine the correlation between vegetable, fruit and salt intakes, refrigerator use, and gastric cancer mortality in Korean population. Information on fruit and vegetable intakes per capita from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, death certificate data from the National Statistical office, refrigerator per household data from Korean Statistical Information Service, and salt/sodium intake data from a cross-sectional survey were utilized. Correlation coefficients were calculated between vegetable and fruit intakes, refrigerator per household, and gastric cancer mortality and between salt and sodium intakes, and gastric cancer mortality and incidence in the four areas. With 5, 10, and 15 years lag time, refrigerator usage and fruit intake were negatively associated with gastric cancer mortality (p < 0.01), but vegetable intake was not associated with gastric cancer mortality. When estimates of salt/sodium intake evaluated by 24-h urine collection in four areas of Korea were compared to the gastric cancer mortality and incidence in these regions, positive correlation was shown between salt/sodium intake, and gastric cancer incidence and mortality. Negative associations between refrigerator use, fruit intake, and gastric cancer mortality and positive associations between salt/sodium intake and gastric cancer mortality and incidence were suggested.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehangno, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea

    Boyoung Park, Sue K. Park, Seung Hyun Ma, En-Joo Jung, Lisa Y. Cho, Jae Jeong Yang & Keun-Young Yoo

  2. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

    Boyoung Park, Sue K. Park, Seung Hyun Ma, Lisa Y. Cho & Jae Jeong Yang

  3. National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea

    Boyoung Park & Eun-Ha Lee

  4. Cancer Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Korea

    Aesun Shin

  5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea

    Kwang-Pil Ko

  6. Division of Epidemic Intelligence Service, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Seoul, Korea

    Jin Gwack

Authors
  1. Boyoung Park
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  2. Aesun Shin
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  3. Sue K. Park
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  4. Kwang-Pil Ko
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  5. Seung Hyun Ma
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  6. Eun-Ha Lee
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  7. Jin Gwack
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  8. En-Joo Jung
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  9. Lisa Y. Cho
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  10. Jae Jeong Yang
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  11. Keun-Young Yoo
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Aesun Shin or Keun-Young Yoo.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 3.

Table 3 The number of refrigerator per household, vegetable and fruit consumption, and gastric cancer mortality in Korea
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Park, B., Shin, A., Park, S.K. et al. Ecological study for refrigerator use, salt, vegetable, and fruit intakes, and gastric cancer. Cancer Causes Control 22, 1497–1502 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9823-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9823-7

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