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The role of dehydrins in plant response to cold

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  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Dehydrins present a distinct biochemical group of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins characterised by the presence of a lysine-rich amino acid motif, the K-segment. They are highly hydrophilic, soluble upon boiling, and rich in glycine and polar amino acids. It is proposed that they can act as emulsifiers or chaperones in the cells, i.e., they protect proteins and membranes against unfavourable structural changes caused by dehydration. Cold usually precedes freezing in nature and induces many physiological and biochemical changes in the cells of freezing-tolerant plant species (cold-acclimation) that enable them to survive unfavourable conditions. It is demonstrated that the induction of dehydrin expression and their accumulation is an important part of this process in many dicotyledons (both herbaceous and woody species), and also in winter cultivars of cereals, especially wheat and barley. Some mechanisms which are proposed to be involved in regulation of dehydrin expression are discussed, i.e., endogenous content of abscisic acid, homologues of Arabidopsis C-repeat binding factor (CBF) transcriptional activators, the activity of vernalization genes and photoperiodic signals. Finally, we outline some new approaches emerging for the solution of the complex mechanisms involved in plant cold-acclimation, especially the methods of functional genomics that enable to observe simultaneously changes in the activity of many genes and proteins in a single sample.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

ABRE:

ABA-responsive element

bZIP:

basic-domain leucine zipper

CaMV:

cauliflower mosaic virus

CAT:

catalase

CBF:

C-repeat-binding factor

Cor:

cold-regulated

CRT:

C-repeat

Dhn:

dehydrin

DRE:

dehydration-responsive element

ELIPs:

early light-inducible proteins

Erd:

early response to drought

EST:

expressed sequence tag

Fr gene:

frost resistance gene

FT:

frost tolerance

GUS:

β-glucuronidase

LEA:

late embryogenesis abundant

LD:

long day

LDH:

lactate dehydrogenase

LT:

low temperature

LT50 :

lethal temperature when 50 % samples die

Lti:

low temperature-induced

LTRE:

low temperature-responsive element

Mr :

relative molecular mass

NLS:

nuclear localisation sequence

PD50 :

50 % protein denaturation

pI:

isoelectric point

Ppd:

photoperiod

QTL:

quantitative trait loci

Rab:

response to ABA

RT-PCR:

reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

SD:

short day

SDS-PAGE:

sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

UV CD:

ultra-violet circular dichroism

Vrn:

vernalization

Wcor:

wheat cold-regulated

Wcs:

wheat cold-specific

Wdhn:

wheat dehydrin

WT:

wild type

2DE:

two dimensional electrophoresis

2D-DIGE:

two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis

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  1. Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovská 507, Prague, CZ-16106, Czech Republic

    K. Kosová, P. Vítámvás & I. T. Prášil

  2. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic

    K. Kosová

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  1. K. Kosová
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Kosová, K., Vítámvás, P. & Prášil, I.T. The role of dehydrins in plant response to cold. Biol Plant 51, 601–617 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-007-0133-6

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