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Iron deficiency on neuronal function

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Abstract

Because of the intrinsic ability of iron to catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species, it has been associated with oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. However, iron deficiency (ID) also negatively impacts various functions of the brain, suggesting that iron plays an important physiological role in neuronal processes such as myelination, synaptogenesis, behavior and synaptic plasticity (SP). ID not only produces changes in the hippocampus, striatum, amygdale or prefrontal cortex, it also affects the interaction among these systems. In both humans and rodents, the perturbations of these structures are associated to cognitive deficits. These cognitive alterations have been well correlated with changes in neural plasticity, the possible cellular substrate of memory and learning. Given that SP is strongly affected by early ID and the lasting-neurological consequences remain even after ID has been corrected, it is important to prevent ID as well as to seek effective therapeutic interventions that reduce or reverse the long-term effects of the ID in the nervous system. This review will give an overview of the literature on the effects of iron deficit in neuronal functions such as behavior, neurotransmission and SP. We also discuss our recent data about the possible oxidative effect of iron on the mechanisms involved in neural plasticity.

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Abbreviations

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

ID:

Iron deficiency

SP:

Synaptic plasticity

CNS:

Central nervous system

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

DMT1:

Divalent metal transporter 1

DFO:

Desferrioxamine

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

PPF:

Paired-pulse facilitation

ISO:

Isoproterenol

NMDAR:

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor

Ry:

Ryanodine

RyR:

Ry receptor

CICR:

Calcium-induced calcium release

mEPSCs:

Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents

ACSF:

Artificial cerebrospinal fluid

fEPSP:

Field excitatory post-synaptic potential

LIP:

Labile iron pool

DCDHF-DA:

2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate

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Acknowledgments

We thank G. Barrientos for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by Millennium Scientific Initiative Grant ICM (P09-022-F) and COPEC-UC foundation (8C055).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile

    Pablo Muñoz

  2. CEMC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Alexis Humeres

  3. IBALAB, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Alexis Humeres

  4. Departamento de Morfofunción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Ubicación, Chile

    Alexis Humeres

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  1. Pablo Muñoz
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Correspondence to Pablo Muñoz.

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Muñoz, P., Humeres, A. Iron deficiency on neuronal function. Biometals 25, 825–835 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-012-9550-x

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