Abstract
The measurement of the gravitational properties of antimatter is currently a hot research area in experimental physics. Using an outcome of QED calculations by Alves et al. (arXiv:0907.4110, 2009), this letter proves that QED and repulsive gravity are incompatible by showing that an extension of QED with the assumption of negative gravitational mass for antimatter yields a concrete prediction that is already falsified by the recent Eöt-Wash experiments: if repulsive gravity, and thus negative gravitational mass, would be observed by any of the upcoming experiments, then QED is thus experimentally falsified; the same goes for QCD. An immediate consequence is that virtual particle-antiparticle pairs from contemporary quantum theory cannot be a model for Hajdukovic’s virtual gravitational dipoles, nor for the dipolar medium of Blanchet and Le Tiec. There may be ways to reformulate quantum theory to restore consistency with experiment if repulsive gravity would be observed, but these involve a departure from the framework of four dimensions and four forces of nature: an observation of repulsive gravity would thus provide a reason to reject the quantum paradigm in its entirety and to search for new fundamental physics.
Notes
In addition, Capozziello et al. have developed an approach to a unification of interactions in which the Standard Model is generated from a five-dimensional unification scheme (2011). In this approach, polarization effects could give rise to a vacuum inhabited by pairs of ordinary and “ghost” gravitons, where the latter have negative energy. But it is argued that stability of the vacuum then requires the coupling of all other particles with the ghost gravitations to be much weaker than that with the ordinary gravitons. Therefore, while this scenario may lead to interesting predictions, it does not predict a matter-antimatter gravitational repulsion: the assumption (7) is thus not implied. That means that the incompatibility of the Standard Model and repulsive gravity does not imply that this approach to unification can be dismissed a priori as untenable.
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Acknowledgements
The author thanks T. Goldman and D.S.M. Alves for their helpful comments. This work was facilitated by the Foundation Liberalitas.
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Cabbolet, M.J.T.F. Incompatibility of QED/QCD and repulsive gravity, and implications for some recent approaches to dark energy. Astrophys Space Sci 350, 777–780 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-1791-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-014-1791-4