Abstract
Pieces of rotten wood collected in the forest were screened for the presence of yeasts. In spring time 3 tree species were sampled, followed by 9 species in summer. Yeast strains were identified by traditional methods. Identifications were confirmed by sequencing of ribosomal DNA in case of doubt. In total 14 yeast species of ascomycetous affiliation and 6 anamorphic basidiomycetous yeasts were isolated and identified. Most species were represented by only one strain, but Candida bertae by two and Trichosporon porosum by six strains, all from different wood samples. Three strains represented novel species, one of which is described as Cryptococcus fagi Middelhoven et Scorzetti. The type strain is CBS 9964 (JCM 13614). All strains were tested for growth on several polysaccharides as sole carbon source. Only some of these polymers supported growth of ascomycetous yeasts. Basidiomycetous yeasts assimilated soluble starch, pullulan, dextran, xylan, polygalacturonate, galactomannan and tannic acid or at least some of these. Cryptococcus podzolicus and T. porosum were the most active in this respect. None of the isolated strains grew on carboxymethyl cellulose, colloidal chitin, arabinogalactan and gum xanthan. Phenolic compounds were assimilated by several strains, belonging to the Trichosporonales and the Microbotryum and Stephanoascus/Blastobotrys clades, but not by members of the Tremellales (Cryptococcus musci excepted) and the Debaryomyces/Lodderomyces clade. Most of the ascomycetes assimilated n-hexadecane.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnett J.A., Payne R.W., Yarrow D. (2000) Yeasts, Characteristics and Identification 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
Buckley H.R., van Uden N. (1967) Candida shehatae sp.n., a yeast associated with wood-destroying insects. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 32:297–301
Fell J.W., Boekhout T., Fonseca A., Scorzetti G., Statzell-Tallman A. (2000) Biodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large-subunit rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:1351–1371
Fell J.W., Statzell A, Hunter I.L., Phaff H.J. (1969) Leucosporidium gen.n., the heterobasidiomycetous stage of several yeasts of the genus Candida. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35:433–462
Guého E, Smith M.Th., de Hoog G.S., Billon-Grand G., Christen R., Batenburg-van de Vegte W.H. (1992) Contributions to a revision of the genus Trichosporon. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 61:289–316
Golubev V.I. (1981) Novye kombinatsii drozhzhevykh gribov roda Cryptococcus. Mikol. Fitopathol. 15:467–468 (in Russian)
Golubev V.I. (1998) New species of basidiomycetous yeasts, Rhodotorula creatinivora and R. yakutica, extracted from permafrost soils of Eastern Siberian Arctic. Mikrobiol. Fitopathol. 32:8–13 (in Russian)
Golubev V.I., Blagodatskaya V.M., Suetin S.O., Trotsenko R. Sh. (1981). Pichia inositivora and Candida paludigena, two new species of yeast isolated from peat. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 31:91–96
Kurtzman C.P. (1990) Candida shehatae – genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships with other xylose fermenting yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57:215–222
Kurtzman C.P., Fell J.W. (eds) (1998) The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study 4th Ed. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Kurtzman C.P., Robnett C.J. (1998) Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA sequences. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73:331–371
Kurtzman C.P., Robnett C.J. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships among yeasts of the ‘Saccharomyces complex’ determined from multigene sequence analyses. FEMS Yeast Res. 3:417–432
Markovetz A.J., Kallio R.E. (1964) Assimilation of alkanes and alkenes by yeasts. J. Bacteriol. 87:968–970
Middelhoven W.J. (1993) Catabolism of benzene compounds by ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi. A literature review and an experimental approach. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63:125–144
Middelhoven W.J. (1997) Assimilation of organic acids: the pH as determining factor. YEAST, a Newsletter for Persons Interested in Yeast 46:19–20
Middelhoven W.J. (2001) Assimilation of n-hexadecane. Yeast, a News Letter for Persons Interested in Yeast 50:64–65
Middelhoven W.J. (2003) Identification of clinically relevant Trichosporon species. Mycoses 46:7–11
Middelhoven W.J. (2004) Trichosporon wieringae sp.nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast from soil, and assimilation of some phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and other non-conventional carbon sources by saprophytic Trichosporon species. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 86:329–337
Middelhoven W.J., de Jong I.M., de Winter M (1991) Arxula adeninivorans, a yeast assimilating many nitrogenous and aromatic compounds. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59:129–137
Middelhoven W.J., Kurtzman C.P. (2003) Relation between phylogeny and physiology in some ascomycetous yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 83:69–74
Middelhoven W.J., Scorzetti G, Fell J.W. (2001) Trichosporon porosum comb.nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast inhabiting soil, related to the loubieri/laibachii group of species that assimilate hemicelluloses and phenolic compounds. FEMS Yeast Res. 1:15–22
Middelhoven W.J., Scorzetti G, Fell J.W. (2004) Systematics of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend with the description of five novel species. viz. Trichosporon vadense, T. smithiae, T. dehoogii, T. scarabaeorum and T. gamsii. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:975–986
Nakase T (1971) Four new yeasts found in Japan. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 17:469–478
Payne R.W., Kurtzman C.P., Fell J.W. (1998) Key to species. In: Kurtzman C.P., Fell J.W. (eds) The Yeasts, a taxonomic study. 4th Ed. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 891–913
Price C.W., Phaff H.J. (1979) Debaryomyces polymorphus and Debaryomyces pseudopolymorphus, new taxonomic combinations. Mycologia 71:444–445
Ramírez C, González A (1984a) Two new species and one variety of nitrate-utilizing mycelial Candida isolated from decayed wood in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile. Mycopathologia 88:55–60
Ramírez C, González A (1984b) Five new filamentous, glucose-fermenting Candida isolated from decayed wood in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile. Mycopathologia 88:83–92
Redhead S.A., Mulloch D.W. (1977) The Endomycetaceae: new concepts, new taxa. Can. J. Bot. 55:1701–1711
Sampaio J.P. (1999) Utilization of low molecular weight aromatic compounds by heterobasidiomycetous yeasts: taxonomic implications. Can. J. Microbiol. 45:491–512
Santa Maria J (1971) Candida ergatensis n.sp. An. Inst. Nacl. Invest. Agrarias 1:85–88
Scorzetti G, Fell J.W., Fonseca A, Statzell-Tallman A (2002) Systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts: a comparison of large subunit D1D2 and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions. FEMS Yeast Res. 2:495–517
Takashima M, Sugita T, Shinoda T, Nakase T (2001) Reclassification of the Cryptococcus humicola complex. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:2199–2210
van der Walt J.P., von Arx J.A. (1980) The yeast genus Yarrowia gen.nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 46:517–521
Wickerham L.J. (1966) Validation of the species Pichia guillermondii. J. Bacteriol. 92:1269
Yarrow D (1998) Methods for isolation, maintenance, classification of yeasts. In: Kurtzman C.L., Fell J.W. (eds) The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study. 4th Ed. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 77–100
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to Dr. C.P Kurtzman, to Dr. Gloria Scorzetti and to Dr. G.S. de Hoog for strain identification by ribosomal DNA base sequencing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Middelhoven, W.J. Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds as substrate for yeasts isolated from rotten wood and description of Cryptococcus fagi sp.nov.. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 90, 57–67 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-006-9060-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-006-9060-3