Abstract
Linkage, engagement, retention and adherence to care are necessary steps along the HIV care continuum. Progression through these steps is essential for control of the disease and interruption of transmission. Identifying and re-engaging previously diagnosed but out-of-care patients is a priority to achieve the goals of the National HIV/AIDS strategy. Participants in the EnhanceLink cohort who were previously diagnosed HIV+ (n = 1,203) were classified as not-linked to of care and non-adherent to medication prior to incarceration by self report. Results based on multivariate models indicate that recent homelessness as well as high degrees of substance abuse correlated with those classified as not-linked to care and non-adherent to medications while having insurance was associated with being linked to care and adherent to care. The majority of detainees reported being linked to care but not currently adherent to care confirming that jails are an important site for re-engaging HIV+ individuals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gardner EM, McLees MP, Steiner JF, Del Rio C, Burman WJ. The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(6):793–800.
Signs Vital. HIV prevention through care and treatment—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;2(60):1618–23.
Montaner JS, Hogg R, Wood E, Kerr T, Tyndall M, Levy AR, et al. The case for expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to curb the growth of the HIV epidemic. Lancet. 2006;368(9534):531–6.
Giordano TP, Gifford AL, White AC, Suarez-Almazor ME, Rabeneck L, Hartman C, et al. Retention in care: a challenge to survival with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(11):1493–9.
Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493–505.
National HIV/AIDS strategy for the United States.
Spaulding AC, Seals RM, Page MJ, Brzozowski AK, Rhodes W, Hammett TM. HIV/AIDS among inmates of and releasees from US correctional facilities, 2006: declining share of epidemic but persistent public health opportunity. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(11):e7558.
Draine J, Ahuja D, Altice FL, Arriola KJ, Avery AK, Beckwith CG, et al. Strategies to enhance linkages between care for HIV/AIDS in jail and community settings. AIDS Care. 2011;23(3):366–77.
Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller S. A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220–33.
Rikoon SH, Cacciola JS, Carise D, Alterman AI, McLellan AT. Predicting DSM-IV dependence diagnoses from Addiction Severity Index composite scores. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006;31(1):17–24.
Baicker K, Finkelstein A. The effects of Medicaid coverage–learning from the Oregon experiment. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(8):683–5.
Wolitski RJ, Kidder DP, Pals SL, Royal S, Aidala A, Stall R, et al. Randomized trial of the effects of housing assistance on the health and risk behaviors of homeless and unstably housed people living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2010;14(3):493–503.
McLellan AT, Cacciola JC, Alterman AI, Rikoon SH, Carise D. The Addiction Severity Index at 25: origins, contributions and transitions. Am J Addict. 2006;15(2):113–24.
McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, O’Brien CP. An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients. The Addiction Severity Index. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1980;168(1):26–33.
McLellan P, Griffith J, Parente R, McLellan T. Addiction severity index composite score manual. Pennsylvania: The University of Pennsylvania/Veterans Administration Center for Studies of Addiction.
Gelberg L, Gallagher TC, Andersen RM, Koegel P. Competing priorities as a barrier to medical care among homeless adults in Los Angeles. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(2):217–20.
Schwarcz SK, Hsu LC, Vittinghoff E, Vu A, Bamberger JD, Katz MH. Impact of housing on the survival of persons with AIDS. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:220.
Springer SA, Dushaj A, Azar MM. The Impact of DSM-IV Mental disorders on adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy among adult persons living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2012 May 30 [Epub ahead of print].
Himelhoch S, Brown CH, Walkup J, Chander G, Korthius PT, Afful J, et al. HIV patients with psychiatric disorders are less likely to discontinue HAART. AIDS. 2009;23(13):1735–42.
Conklin TJ, Lincoln T, Flanigan TP. A public health model to connect correctional health care with communities. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(8):1249–50.
Lincoln T, Kennedy S, Tuthill R, Roberts C, Conklin TJ, Hammett TM. Facilitators and barriers to continuing healthcare after jail: a community-integrated program. J Ambul Care Manage. 2006;29(1):2–16.
Hampden county: a model for seamless care. AIDS Policy Law. 1999;14(22):9.
Rich JD, Wohl DA, Beckwith CG, Spaulding AC, Lepp NE, Baillargeon J, et al. HIV-related research in correctional populations: now is the time. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011;8(4):288–96.
Werling K, Abraham S, Strelec J. The 340B Drug Pricing Program: an opportunity for savings, if covered entities such as disproportionate share hospitals and federally qualified health centers know how to interpret the regulations. J Health Care Finance. 2007;34(2):57–70.
Acknowledgments
This publication was made possible by a grant through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, HIV Bureau (H97HA08543). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of DHHS. Responsibility for the content of this report rests solely with the named authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Avery, A.K., Ciomcia, R.W., Lincoln, T. et al. Jails as an Opportunity to Increase Engagement in HIV Care: Findings from an Observational Cross-Sectional Study. AIDS Behav 17 (Suppl 2), 137–144 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0320-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0320-0