Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Trends in Agreements Between Regular Partners Among Gay Men in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, Australia

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
AIDS and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Between 1998 and 2007, 51,449 Gay Community Periodic Survey questionnaires were completed in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, Australia. These included 23,424 where the respondents reported currently being in a relationship with a regular male partner. About 90% of men with a regular partner had been tested for HIV, and about three quarters had tested HIV-negative. Between 1998 and 2007 there was an increase in the proportion of men in HIV-negative seroconcordant relationships. About three quarters of men with a regular partner had negotiated an agreement about sex within their relationship. There was little change over time in the likelihood of having negotiated such agreements. There were, however, changes over time in the nature of these negotiated agreements: Over time, more men in HIV-discordant relationships permitted unprotected anal intercourse with their regular partners (P-trend < .001); among men in HIV-negative concordant relationships, an increasing proportion required a monogamous arrangement with their regular partner (P-trend < .001); and over time, fewer men in general required consistent condom use with casual partners (P-trend < .001). Some of these changes in negotiated agreements represent an increase in the potential risk of HIV transmission.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Centers for Disease Control. (2005). Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses-33 states, 2001–2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54, 1149–1153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. Y., Gibson, S., Katz, M. H., Klausner, J. D., Dilley, J. W., Schwarcz, S. K., Kellogg, T. A., & Mcfarland, W. (2002). Continuing increases in sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men: San Francisco, Calif, 1999–2001. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1387–1388.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidovich, U., De Wit, J. B., & Stroebe, W. (2000). Assessing sexual risk behaviour of young gay men in primary relationships: The incorporation of negotiated safety and negotiated safety compliance. AIDS, 14(6), 701–706.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dodds, J. P., Nardone, A., Mercey, D. E., & Johnson, A. M. (2000). Increase in high risk sexual behaviour among homosexual men, London 1996–8: Cross sectional, questionnaire study. British Medical Journal, 320, 1510–1511.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dukers, N. H. T. M., Goudsmit, J., De Wit, J. B. F., Prins, M., Weverling, G. J., & Coutinho, R. A. (2001). Sexual risk behaviour relates to the virological and immunological improvements during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. AIDS, 15, 369–378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dukers, N. H., Spaargaren, J., Geskus, R. B., Beijnen, J., Coutinho, R. A., & Fennema, H. S. (2002). HIV incidence on the increase among homosexual men attending an Amsterdam sexually transmitted disease clinic, using a novel approach for detecting recent infections. AIDS. 16, F19–F24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elford, J., Bolding, G., & Sherr, L. (2002). High-risk sexual behaviour increases among London gay men between 1998 and 2001, what is the role of HIV optimism? AIDS, 16, 1537–1544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folch, C., Marks, G., Esteve, A., Zaragoza, K., Muñoz, R., & Casabona, J. (2006). Factors associated with unprotected sexual intercourse with steady male, casual male, and female partners among men who have sex with men in Barcelona, Spain. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18(3), 227–242.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guzman, R., Colfax, G. N., Wheeler, S., Mansergh, G., Marks, G., Rader, M., & Buchbinder, S. (2005). Negotiated safety relationships and sexual behavior among a diverse sample of HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 38(1), 82–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halkitis, P. N., Zade, D. D., Shrem, M., & Marmor, M. (2004). Beliefs about HIV noninfection and risky sexual behavior among MSM. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(5), 448–458.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, C. C., Stall, R., Paul, J., Acree, M., Daigke, D., Phillips, K., Kegeles, S., Jinich, S., Ekstrand, M., & Coates, T. J. (1997). Differences in sexual behavior among HIV discordant and concordant gay men in primary relationships. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 14, 72–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, F., Prestage, G., Law, M., Kippax, S., Van De Ven, P., Rawstorne, P., Kaldor, J. M., & Grulich, A. E. (2002). Predictors of recent HIV testing in homosexual men in Australia. HIV Medicine, 3, 271–276.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, F., Prestage, G. P., Zablotska, I., Rawstorne, P., Kippax, S. C., Donovan, B., Cunningham, P. H., Templeton, D. J., Kaldor, J. M., & Grulich, A. E. (2007). High rates of sexually transmissible infections in HIV positive homosexual men, data from two community-based cohorts. STI, 83, 397–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kippax, S., Noble, J., Prestage, G., Crawford, J., Campbell, D., Baxter, D., & Cooper, D. (1997). Sexual negotiation in the AIDS era: Negotiated safety revisited. AIDS, 11, 191–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kippax, S., Slavin, S., Ellard, J., Hendry, O., Richters, J., Grulich, A., & Kaldor, J. (2003). Seroconversion in context. AIDS Care, 15(6), 839–852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. (2006). HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia. Sydney: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, the University of New South Wales.

  • Prestage, G., Mao, L., McGuigan, D., Crawford, J., Kippax, S., Kaldor, J., & Grulich, A. E. (2006). HIV risk and communication between regular partners in a cohort of HIV-negative gay men. AIDS Care, 18(2), 166–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawstorne, P., Fogarty, A., Crawford, J., Prestage, G. P., Grierson, J., Grulich, A. E., & Kippax, S. (2007). Differences between HIV-positive gay men who ‘frequently’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ engage in unprotected anal intercourse with serononconcordant casual partners, Positive Health cohort, Australia. AIDS Care, 19(4), 514–522.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stolte, I. G., Dukers, N. H. T. M., Geskus, R. B., Coutinho, R. A., & DeWit, J. B. F. (2004). Homosexual men change to risky sex when perceiving less threat of HIV/AIDS since availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy: A longitudinal study. AIDS, 18, 303–309.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Ven, P., Campbell, D., Kippax, S., Knox, S., Prestage, G., Crawford, J., Kinder, P., & Cooper, D. (1998). Gay men who engage repeatedly in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners: The Sydney Men and Sexual Health Study. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 9, 336–340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Ven, P., Kippax, S., Crawford, J., Rawstorne, P., Prestage, G., Grulich, A., & Murphy, D. (2002b). In a minority of gay men, sexual risk practice indicates strategic positioning for perceived risk reduction rather than unbridled sex. AIDS Care, 14, 471–480.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Ven, P., Rawstorne, P., Crawford, J., & Kippax, S. (2002a). Increasing proportions of Australian gay and homosexually active men engage in unprotected anal intercourse with regular and with casual partners. AIDS Care, 14, 335–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Snoek, E. M., De Wit, J. B. F., Mulder, P. G. H., & Van der Meijden, W. I. (2005). Incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection related to perceived HIV/AIDS threat since highly active antiretroviral therapy availability in men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 32(3), 170–175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volk, J. E., Prestage, G., Jin, F., Kaldor, J., Ellard, J., Kippax, S., & Grulich, A. (2006). Risk factors for HIV seroconversion in homosexual men in Australia. Sexual Health, 3, 37–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the AIDS Council of New South Wales, PLWHA (NSW), the Victorian AIDS Council, PLWHA (Victoria), Queensland Association of Healthy Communities, Queensland Positive People for collaboration with the project, and the men who have participated in the Gay Community Periodic Surveys over the years. The National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, and the National Centre in HIV Social Research, are funded by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. Sponsorship: Supported by the New South Wales Health Department (Sydney), Victorian Health Department (Melbourne), Queensland Health Department (Brisbane).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Garrett Prestage.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Prestage, G., Jin, F., Zablotska, I. et al. Trends in Agreements Between Regular Partners Among Gay Men in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, Australia. AIDS Behav 12, 513–520 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9351-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9351-3

Keywords

Navigation