Abstract.
In our previous paper, for a generic rank-2 vector distributions on an n-dimensional manifold (n ≥ 5) we constructed a special differential invariant, the fundamental form. In the case n = 5, this differential invariant has the same algebraic nature, as the covariant binary biquadratic form, constructed by E. Cartan, using his “reduction-prolongation” procedure (we call this form the Cartan tensor). In the present paper, we prove that our fundamental form coincides (up to the constant factor −35) with the Cartan tensor. This result explains geometrically the reason for the existence of the Cartan tensor (originally, this tensor was obtained by very sophisticated algebraic manipulations) and gives the true analogs of this tensor in the Riemannian geometry. In addition, as a part of the proof, we obtain a new useful formula for the Cartan tensor in terms of the structural functions of any frame naturally adapted to the distribution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
1. A. A. Agrachev and R. V. Gamkrelidze, Feedback-invariant optimal control theory, I. Regular extremals. J. Dynam. Control Systems 3 (1997), No. 3, 343–389.
2. A. A. Agrachev, Feedback-invariant optimal control theory, II. Jacobi curves for singular extremals. J. Dynam. Control Systems 4 (1998), No. 4, 583–604.
3. A. Agrachev and I. Zelenko, Geometry of Jacobi curves, I. J. Dynam. Control Systems 8 (2002), No. 1, 93–140.
4. A. Agrachev and I. Zelenko, Geometry of Jacobi curves, II. J. Dynam. Control Systems 8 (2002), No. 2, 167–215.
5. R. L. Bryant, S. S. Chern, R. B. Gardner, H. L. Goldschmidt, and P. A. Griffiths, Exterior differential systems. Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ. 18, Springer-Verlag, New York (1991).
6. R. Bryant and L. Hsu, Rigidity of integral curves of rank 2 distribution. Invent. Math. 114 (1993), 435–461.
7. E. Cartan, Les systèmes de Pfaff à cinq variables et les équations aux dérivées partielles du second ordre. Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. 27 (1910), No. 3, 109–192; reprinted in Œuvres completes, Partie II, vol. 2, Paris, Gautier-Villars (1953), pp. 927–1010.
8. L. Eisenhart, Riemannian geometry. Princeton Univ. Press (1949).
9. R. Gardner, The methods of equivalence and its application. CBMS-NSF Region. Conf. Ser. Appl. Math. 58.
10. R. Montgomery, A tour of sub-Riemannian geometries, their geodesics and applications. Math. Surveys Monogr. 91 (2002).
11. S. Sternberg, Lectures on differential geometry. Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1964).
12. N. Tanaka, On the equivalence problems associated with simple graded Lie algebras. Hokkaido Math. J. 6 (1979), 23–84.
13. I. Zelenko, Nonregular abnormal extremals of 2-distribution: existence, second variation, and rigidity. J. Dynam. Control Systems 5 (1999), No. 3, 347–383.
14. I. Zelenko, On variational approach to differential invariants of rank two vector distributions. Differential Geom. Appl. (to appear); arxiv math.DG/0402171.
15. M. Zhitomirskii, Typical singularities of differential 1-forms and Pfaffian equations. Transl. Math. Monogr. 113, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence (1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 58A30, 53A55.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zelenko, I. Fundamental Form and the Cartan Tensor of (2,5)-Distributions Coincide. J Dyn Control Syst 12, 247–276 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-006-0383-1
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-006-0383-1