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Mode I and Mode III Fractures in Intermediate Zone of Full-Thickness Porcine Temporomandibular Joint Discs

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the critical energy required to induce flaw propagation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc when tensile and shear stresses were applied. J-integrals were measured for Mode I and III fractures because excessive tensile and shear stresses promote disc failure. Single edge notch (Mode I) and trouser tear (Mode III) specimens were constructed with flaws oriented parallel to the predominant anteroposteriorly oriented collagen fibers of the TMJ disc. Disks with and without an impulsive pre-load of 3 N s were studied to compare impact-damaged and healthy tissues. Results demonstrated that impulsive loading stiffened the tissues and significantly increased the Mode I fracture energy (J IC) but not Mode III (J IIIC) (p ≤ 0.05). J IC and J IIIC values were similar for undamaged tissues, but J IC values were 2.3 times higher for impulsively loaded tissues (p ≤ 0.05). This suggests that when flaws are introduced through impact, the TMJ disc responds by requiring more energy for tensile flaw extension. This research is a first step towards characterizing the mechanical microenvironment that initiates joint disease. This characterization is essential for successful integration of engineered replacement tissues for damaged TMJs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Bobby Simetich, Adam Pont and Adam Shaver for their assistance in conducting mechanical tests and managing data files. Kim Theesen is acknowledged for his graphic art work during the construction of figures. Project support was provided by UNMC College of Dentistry seed grant 04-21.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Adult Restorative Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, 40th and Holdrege Streets, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA

    Mark W. Beatty

  2. Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA

    Mark W. Beatty

  3. Department of Growth and Development, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, USA

    Rebecca H. Hohl

  4. Department of Oral Biology, Division of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics Graduate Studies, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Jeffrey C. Nickel & Laura R. Iwasaki

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Ramana M. Pidaparti

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  1. Mark W. Beatty
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  2. Rebecca H. Hohl
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  3. Jeffrey C. Nickel
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  4. Laura R. Iwasaki
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  5. Ramana M. Pidaparti
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Correspondence to Mark W. Beatty.

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Beatty, M.W., Hohl, R.H., Nickel, J.C. et al. Mode I and Mode III Fractures in Intermediate Zone of Full-Thickness Porcine Temporomandibular Joint Discs. Ann Biomed Eng 36, 801–812 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-008-9436-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-008-9436-9

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