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Impacts of CO2-induced seawater acidification on coastal Mediterranean bivalves and interactions with other climatic stressors

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Abstract

The effects of seawater acidification caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), combined with other climatic stressors, were studied on 3 coastal Mediterranean bivalve species: the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the clams Chamelea gallina and Ruditapes decussatus. CO2 perturbation experiments produced contrasting responses on growth and calcification of juvenile shells, according to species and location. In the Northern Adriatic (Italy), long-term exposure to reduced pH severely damaged the shells of M. galloprovincialis and C. gallina and reduced growth for the latter species. Seawater in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Portugal) was consistently saturated in carbonates, which buffered the impacts on calcification and growth. After 80 days, no shell damage was observed in Portugal, but mussels in the acidified treatments were less calcified. Reduced clearance, ingestion and respiration rates and increased ammonia excretion were observed for R. decussatus under reduced pH. Clearance rates of juvenile mussels were significantly reduced by acidification in Italy, but not in Portugal. Both locations showed a consistent trend for increased ammonia excretion with decreasing pH, suggesting increased protein catabolism. Respiratory rates were generally not affected. Short-term factorial experiments done in Italy revealed that acidification caused alterations in immunological parameters of adult bivalves, particularly at temperature and salinity values far from the optimal for the species in the Mediterranean. Overall, our results showed large variations in the sensitivities of bivalves to climatic changes, among different species and between local populations of the same species. Expectations of impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies have to consider such local variability.

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Acknowledgments

This is a contribution of the ACIDBIV project, which is part of the CIRCLE Med network. Funding was provided by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal (ERA-CIRCLE/0004/2007), the Regional Ministry of Innovation and Industry of the Galician Government, and the Italian Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea, in the framework of Circle ERA Net project (which is funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme). PR was also supported by a post-doctoral grant from FCT (SFRH/BPD/69959/2010). The authors would like to acknowledge the staff of the Bivalve Production Group at IPMA-Tavira for their continuous support. Comments by the editors of this special issue and two anonymous referees substantially improved the original manuscript.

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  1. R. Ben-Hamadou

    Present address: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

  2. L. Chícharo

    Present address: CIMA, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    P. Range, M. A. Chícharo, R. Ben-Hamadou, D. Piló & L. Chícharo

  2. CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo, Spain

    M. J. Fernandez-Reiriz & U. Labarta

  3. Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    M. G. Marin, M. Bressan, V. Matozzo, A. Chinellato & M. Munari

  4. Department of Biology, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia

    N. T. El Menif & M. Dellali

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Range, P., Chícharo, M.A., Ben-Hamadou, R. et al. Impacts of CO2-induced seawater acidification on coastal Mediterranean bivalves and interactions with other climatic stressors. Reg Environ Change 14 (Suppl 1), 19–30 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0478-7

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